欧盟《数字市场法》新范式——突破抑或坎阱  

The New Paradigm of EU Digital Market Act——Innovation or Pitfall

作　　者：韩天竹 张瑜 Han Tianzhu;Zhang Yu

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第4期67-79,共13页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究“数字贸易的国际规制进路与中国因应方略研究”(22YJC820009)基金项目的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在全球进入数字经济时代的大背景下,大型数字平台更容易形成垄断,这源于其独有的网络效应、市场锁定效应、特有定价机制等特征,以及资金、技术和数据优势。传统的欧盟竞争法框架以“相关市场界定”为基础,采用事后规制的模式,在规制数字市场方面能力明显不足。对此,欧盟《数字市场法》在经历了三年多公开咨询、专家论证及激烈的学术辩论后出台,于2022年11月1日正式生效,在主体界定、平台规制模式等方面进行了创新,被认为是对欧盟竞争法的重构。该法对规制模式的创新虽然可以体现出专门化、前置化、动态化特征,迎合了数字经济时代对竞争法新范式的期待,然而,其赋予欧盟委员会的权限过大,或将违背其规制目的。本文综合分析欧盟《数字市场法》专门化与前置化规制范式的创新性与潜在问题,并进一步分析其面临的挑战,从而提出借鉴方案,以期为我国大型数字平台的规制提供参考。Facing the global digital economy,large digital platforms are more prone to forming monopolies because of their unique network effects,market lock-in effects,unique pricing mechanisms,and the convenience provided by their financial,technological and data advantages.The traditional EU competition law framework is based on the“relevant market definition”and adopts the mode of ex post regulation,which is obviously insufficient in regulating the digital market.In this regard,the Digital Market Act,which entered into force on November 1,2022 after more than three years of public consultation,expert evidence and intense academic debate,is considered to be a reconstruction of the EU's competition law as it introduces innovations in the definition of the subject matter,the platform regulation model,etc.The law is an innovation of the EU's competition law.DMA's innovation of the regulatory model can reflect the specialization,front-loading and dynamic features,catering to the expectation of a new paradigm of competition law in the era of the digital economy,however,the excessive competence it grants to the European Commission may run counter to its regulatory purpose.This paper comprehensively analyzes the innovativeness and potential problems of the DMA specialization and front-loading regulation paradigm,and further analyzes the challenges it faces,so as to propose a reference scheme,with a view to providing reference for the regulation of large-scale digital platforms in China.

关 键 词：数字经济 数字市场法 反垄断 新范式 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]