2005-2021年河南省平顶山市流行性乙型脑炎特征和发病热点地区  

Characteristics and hot spots of Japanese encephalitis in Pingdingshan,Henan,2005-2021

作　　者：陈斐 李亚飞 刘素华[1] CHEN Fei;LI Yafei;LIU Suhua(Jiaxian People's Hospital,Pingdingshan,Henan 467000,China;Henan Center for Disease Control and prevention)

机构地区：[1]郏县人民医院,河南平顶山467000 [2]河南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第11期836-840,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20220160)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2005-2021年平顶山市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行病学和临床特征,为制定乙脑疫情防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析乙脑流行病学特征和临床特征,应用ArcGIS 10.7软件分析发病的热点地区。结果 2005-2021年平顶山市累计报告乙脑92例,年均发病率0.11/10万,死亡4例,病死率4.35%。乙脑发病率总体呈现下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=48.536,P<0.001)。不同性别间发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);0~4岁年龄组发病率最高,为0.67/10万,不同年龄组间年均发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);94.57%的报告病例集中在每年的7-9月;所有县区均有病例报告,但不同地区间差异较大,热点分析结果显示北部汝州市是发病热点地区。临床表现特点为起病急,以重型(47.83%)和极重型(19.56%)多见,最常见的临床症状为发热(100.00%)、精神萎靡(82.61%)、脑膜刺激征阳性(69.57%)、头痛(60.87%)。结论 平顶山市的乙脑发病总体呈现下降趋势,有明显的季节和人群分布特征,应加强对儿童接种乙脑疫苗的查漏补缺,关注农村地区成年人的发病情况,发病热点地区要加大三带喙库蚊孳生地的清理,加强宣传教育。Objective To analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Pingdingshan in 2005-2021,with the purpose of providing reference for formulating the strategy of Japanese encephalitis prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis,while the clinical characteristics of the cases were also studied.The regional distribution map of cases was drawn using software ArcGIS 10.7.Results A total of 92 cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported in Pingdingshan during 2005-2021,with a annual average incidence rate of 0.11/105;4 cases died,with a fatality rate of 4.35%.The incidence showed an overall downward trend(n=48.536,P<0.001).The incidences between sex were not significantly different(P>0.05).The group aged 0-4 years has the highest incidence(0.67/10),and the incidences were significantly different in different age group(P<0.001).The reported cases were mainly occurring from July to September every year.All counties/districts in the city had reported cases,but there were large differences among different regions,and Ruzhou in the north was the hot spot of the disease.The clinical characteristics was acute onset,and the clinical severity was mainly severe(47.83%)and extremely severe(19.56%).The most common clinical manifestations were fever(100.00%),lethargy(82.61%),positive meningeal irritation(69.57%)and headache(60.87%).Conclusions The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in Ruzhou has obvious seasonal and population distribution characteristics,and the incidence overall shows a downward trend.It is necessary to strengthen the screening the children with missing-vaccination against Japanese encephalitis and making up the vaccination for them,pay attention to the incidence in adults in rural areas,intensify the cleaning of breeding grounds for Culex tritaeniorhynchus in hotspots of the disease,and improve the publicity and education.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 流行病学特征 临床特征 热点地区 

分 类 号：R512.32[医药卫生—内科学]