单偏心式油橄榄振动采收机仿真优化与试验  

Simulation Optimization and Test of Single Eccentric Olive Vibrating Harvester

作　　者：张军 张絮 牧昊天 辛迪 牛子杰[1] 崔永杰[1,2] ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Xu;MU Haotian;XIN Di;NIU Zijie;CUI Yongjie(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部农业物联网重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第11期114-123,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-156)。

摘　　要：为提高油橄榄的振动收获效率,针对油橄榄密植果园的种植环境,设计一种单偏心块悬挂式油橄榄采收机。通过对果实进行受力分析得到果实脱落加速度可简化为果实果柄结合力与果实质量的比值,测量得到脱落加速度的90%分位数为1113.35 m/s2。通过正交试验仿真研究果树树形参数(主干直径、主干高度、主枝夹角)和激振参数(激振频率、激振力)之间关系,并对仿真与试验相关性进行分析,表明仿真与试验的平均相关系数为0.73,平均相对误差为26.5%,主干直径和主干高度对激振参数有显著影响。使用采收样机对油橄榄(莱星)进行了试验,结果表明:夹持点振幅与激振频率呈正相关关系;果树侧枝3个监测点的共振频率为22.5 Hz,与响应面试验结果的21.8 Hz相近;油橄榄树的平均采净率约为91.22%,且无果实损伤。Vibratory harvesting is widely used for olive harvesting.In vibratory harvesting,reasonable vibration parameters will greatly improve the harvest rate of the fruit.To improve the vibration harvesting efficiency of oil olive,the current situation of small operating space in oil olive orchards was addressed.A single eccentric block suspension type olive harvester was designed,where the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the eccentric block caused the fruit tree to vibrate under pressure to achieve harvesting.The fruit shedding acceleration can be reduced to the ratio of the fruit stalk binding force to the fruit mass,and the 90%quantile of the shedding acceleration was measured to be 1113.35m/s2.The relationship between the fruit tree shape parameters(trunk diameter X1,trunk height X2,main branch angles X3 and X4)and the excitation parameters(excitation frequency f,excitation force F)was investigated through response surface simulation,the vibration frequency range was obtained by modal analysis,from which,the optimal vibration frequency was figured out by sweeping frequency analysis in rigid-flexible coupling simulation,and analysis of simulation and experimental correlation.The analysis showed that the average correlation coefficient between simulation and experiment was 0.73 and the average relative error was 26.5%,which showed that the simulation could better express the experimental results,and the trunk diameter and trunk height had a significant effect on the excitation parameters.Field experiments were carried out on olive(Leccino)by using the harvesting prototype.The measurements of amplitudes at the clamping point showed that amplitudes at the clamping point varied a lot under different frequencies,namely,rising with the increase of frequency.According to the measurements of accelerations at four monitoring points on the trunk and the lateral branches showed that,the resonant frequencies of the three points located on the lateral branches were similar to the results of the response surface.The

关 键 词：油橄榄振动收获机 三主枝开心形 模态分析 刚柔耦合仿真 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]