河套灌区枸杞种植下微咸水代表性盐离子浓度限值研究  

Salt Concentration Threshold of Lycium barbarum under Different Types of Brackish Water Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：娄帅 杨树青[1] 张万锋 刘月 吕欣河 LOU Shuai;YANG Shuqing;ZHANG Wanfeng;LIU Yue;LÜXinhe(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;College of Torism,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhhot 010028,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古师范大学旅游学院,呼和浩特010028

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第11期319-334,共16页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52069023、52179037)。

摘　　要：为确定适宜枸杞灌溉的微咸水代表性盐离子浓度限值,于2019—2020年在河套灌区下游开展NaCl、CaCl_(2)、CaSO_(4)、NaHCO_(3)、Na_(2)SO_(4)5种代表性地下水盐分类型和4种浓度水平(质量浓度0.1、0.5、2.0、4.0 g/L)的田间交叉试验。结果表明:在相同矿化度下,外源NaCl、NaHCO_(3)影响下枸杞生育期受渗透胁迫、次生胁迫最强,外源CaCl_(2)质量浓度低于2.0 g/L能够缓解枸杞渗透胁迫,外源CaCl_(2)、CaSO_(4)质量浓度低于4.0 g/L能够缓解次生胁迫。枸杞干果产量、百粒干质量随外源NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)、CaSO_(4)质量浓度升高而降低,在0.1 g/L时达峰值,随外源CaCl_(2)质量浓度升高呈单峰分布,0.5 g/L时最高。枸杞果实中总糖含量、黄酮含量、氨基酸总量随外源CaCl_(2)、CaSO_(4)质量浓度升高先升后降,分别在0.5、2.0、2.0 g/L时达峰值。甜菜碱含量、氨基酸总量随NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)、NaHCO_(3)质量浓度升高而降低,超过0.1 g/L后显著下降。类胡萝卜素含量随CaCl_(2)、NaHCO_(3)质量浓度升高先升后降,分别在2.0、0.5 g/L时达峰值。相同阴离子(Cl-、SO_(4)^(2-))环境下,Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)分别对枸杞产量、品质的综合评分存在降低、提升作用,相同阳离子(Na^(+))环境下,阴离子对综合评分的负面影响由大到小依次为Cl-、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)。基于高斯回归发现,当Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Cl-、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)浓度分别为18.6~19.2 mmol/L、12.2~13.0 mmol/L、63.0~68.4 mmol/L、6.3~14.4 mmol/L、5.5~14.0 mmol/L时,枸杞种植效益贴合度较高(Ci>0.7)。随Ci标准提高,Na^(+)、Cl-、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)浓度向取值下限(18.6、63.0、6.3、5.5 mmol/L)逼近,Ca^(2+)浓度向上限(13.0 mmol/L)逼近。以高于不同水质下产量、品质综合评分的平均值0.46为标准,发现灌溉微咸水中Na^(+)、Cl-、SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)^(-)存在浓度上限限值,分别为34.8、81.6、22.6、21.4 mmol/L,Ca^(2+)存在下限限值,为9.8 mmol/L。�Lycium barbarum(goji)fruit is widely used as a medicinal food in China.Aiming to investigate how different types of salt ions in brackish water affected the yield,appearance quality,and nutritional quality of Lycium barbarum.A field crossover experiment was conducted in the Hetao Irrigation Area,using five representative groundwater salinity types(NaCl,CaCl_(2),CaSO_(4),NaHCO_(3),Na_(2)SO_(4))at four concentration levels(0.1 g/L,0.5 g/L,2.0 g/L,4.0 g/L),along with a total of 21 control treatments.The irrigation amount was 100 mm of brackish water in Wulat Front Banner,the main production area of Lycium barbarum.Throughout the growth period,Lycium barbarum was irrigated three times.The results revealed that NaCl had the strongest inhibitory effect on the osmotic regulation of Lycium barbarum among the tested salinity types.NaHCO_(3)had the most significant impact on the secondary stress.CaCl_(2)at concentrations below 2.0 g/L helped alleviate osmotic stress,while both CaCl_(2)and CaSO_(4)reduced secondary stress.The yield and dry mass of 100 grains of Lycium barbarum was decreased with the increase of concentrations of NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4),and CaSO_(4),reaching their peak at 0.1 g/L.The yield and dry mass of 100 grains was initially increased and then decreased with the increase of concentrations of NaHCO_(3)and CaCl_(2),reaching their peak at 0.5 g/L.Total sugars,flavonoids,and total amino acids were increased and then decreased with the increase of concentrations of CaCl_(2)and CaSO_(4),reaching their peak at 0.5 g/L,2.0 g/L,and 2.0 g/L,respectively.Betaine and total amino acids were decreased with the increase of concentrations of NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4),and NaHCO_(3),and significantly decreased after exceeding 0.1 g/L.Carotenoid content was increased and then decreased with the increase of concentrations of CaCl_(2)and NaHCO_(3),reaching its peak at 2.0 g/L and 0.5 g/L,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of the control treatment.The comprehensive scores indicated that under the same anion(Cl-,SO_(4)^(

关 键 词：枸杞 微咸水 TOPSIS 盐胁迫 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S273.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]