中国城乡老年人生命质量及影响因素研究  

Health-related quality of life and the influencing factors among urban and rural elderly in China

作　　者：张瑞琪 庆艳华[1] 邹冠炀 程瑜[2] 张彩霞[1] 陈文样 ZHANG Ruiqi;QING Yanhua;ZOU Guanyang;CHENG Yu;ZHANG Caixia;CHEN Wenyang(School of Public Health and Management,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;School of Sociology&Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2023年第11期770-777,共8页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD122)。

摘　　要：目的分析中国城乡老年人生命质量现状、城乡差异及影响因素,为改善城乡老年人生命质量提供依据。方法基于城乡差异视角,采用2018年中国健康养老与追踪调查大样本数据,应用欧洲生命质量五维量表(EQ-5D-3L)对老年人生命质量进行评价。结果共得到有效样本3523份,城镇老年人健康效用值均高于乡村老年人,城乡老年人均在疼痛或不舒服、焦虑或抑郁两个维度上存在最多问题。年龄、性别、收入、慢性病患病情况是城乡老人健康效用值的共同影响因素(P<0.05),年龄越高健康效用值越低,女性的健康效用值低于男性,收入较高的老年人健康效用也较高,而患有慢病数量越多的老年人生命质量越差;教育程度只对农村老年人健康效用值有显著影响(P<0.05),受教育水平越高的乡村老年人健康效用值也更高。结论城乡老年人生命质量存在显著差异。提升城乡老年人的生命质量,需要重点关注高龄、患慢性病、低收入群体以及老年女性群体,尤其需要关注老年人的心理焦虑和疼痛问题。对于乡村老年人应加强健康宣教,提高乡村老人健康素养,提高生命质量,缩小城乡差距。Objective To analyze the current status,urban-rural differences and influencing factors of the health-related quality of life among the elderly in China,so as to provide reference for the improvement in the quality of life of the elderly in urban and rural areas.Methods Based on the perspective of urban and rural differences,the large sample data of Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018 were used to conduct a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the health status of the elderly by using the EQ-5D-3L Scale.Results A total of 3523 valid samples were obtained.The health utility values of the urban elderly were higher than those of the rural elderly,and both the urban and rural elderly had the greatest problems in the two dimensions of pain or discomfort and anxiety or depression.Age,gender,income,and chronic disease prevalence were the common influencing factors for the health utility values of the elderly in both urban and rural areas(P<0.05),and the older the people,the lower the health utility values.The health utility values of females were lower than those of males,the elderly with higher income had higher health utility values and the elderly with more chronic diseases had lower quality of life.Education level only had significant effects on health utility values of the rural elderly(P<0.05),and the rural elderly with higher education level had higher health utility values.Conclusions There was significant difference in the health-related quality of life between the urban and rural elderly.To improve the health-related quality of life of the elderly,attention and health interventions should be strengthened for the key groups,including the extremely aged,those with chronic diseases or low income,and the elderly women.More attention should also be paid to the psychological anxiety and pain of the elderly.Health education should be promoted for rural elderly people to improve their health literacy,promote their quality of life and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：城乡老年人 生命质量 EQ-5D-3L 健康效用 影响因素 TOBIT回归 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]