非洲、第三世界、全球南方:再论“科幻现实主义”的可能面向  

Africa, the Third World, and the Global South: Rethinking the Possibility of Science Fiction Realism

作　　者：李广益[1] Li Guangyi(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学中文系

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2023年第5期163-171,共9页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“‘十七年’时期工业文化语境中的科幻小说研究”[项目编号:2021CDJSKJC27];国家社会科学基金西部项目“百年中国科幻文学中的人类共同体想象研究”[项目编号:21XZW001]阶段性成果.

摘　　要：作为一种饱受争议的创作观,“科幻现实主义”并不必然束缚科幻文学的想象力。相反,如果现实主义这一人类文学的深厚传统以其丰富的内涵和多元的形式充分滋育科幻文类,足以使之在今天这样一个非常有利于科幻文学和文化施展的时代,有效地支撑人们对现实世界支配法则的探索和自我表达、自我伸张的需要。在这方面,乘“非洲未来主义”之东风而兴起的非洲科幻小说,以其独特路径,承继了非洲文学的现实主义传统对总体性的批判探寻,值得当代中国科幻文学借鉴。对于后者来说,非洲科幻小说深入地方性知识、想象、实践脉络汲取养分的做法可堪取法,更重要的是它构成了一个通向未来的启示:在第三世界的历史记忆、全球南方的共同现实、“百年未有之大变局”中,中国与非洲适足互为经验和想象之泉源,而这正是中国科幻文学和文化解放想象力、发挥创造力、直面总体性、憧憬新世界的重大机遇。As a controversial view in literary creation,“science fiction realism”does not necessarily entail a restriction of imagination.On the contrary,if realism,as a profound tradition of human literature,can nourish science fiction with its abundant connotations and diverse forms,this genre could enable people to explore the laws governing the real world and satisfy their need for self-expression in an era conducive to the development of science fiction.In this regard,African science fiction,which emerged with the rise of“Afrofuturism,”has inherited the realistic tradition of African literature's critical pursuit of totality in its unique trajectory.Hence,it holds value as a study subject for contemporary Chinese science fiction.For the latter,African science fiction draws nourishment from local knowledge,imagination,and practice;more importantly,it serves as a harginger of the future.Considering the historical memory of the Third World,the shared reality of the Global South,and the“unprecedented changes in a century,”China and Africa provide each other with crucial sources of experience and imagination.This presents a significant opportunity for Chinese science fiction to unshackle its imagination,embrace creativity,engage with the world's totality,and envision a new world.

关 键 词：科幻小说 现实主义 非洲未来主义 总体性 第三世界 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]