明代性理诗人的诗歌传统及其理路  

The Poetic Tradition and Inner Rationale of Poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：渠嵩烽 QU Songfeng

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2023年第6期145-155,共11页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“东林学派文献整理与文献研究”(19ZDA258)。

摘　　要：明代性理诗人有其遵循的较为稳定的诗歌传统,大致可分为《诗经》风雅传统、效陶传统、崇杜传统以及理学家诗歌内部承续传统。他们认为《诗经》义理完备,存乎天道,是诗歌创作的经典范式和最高标准;陶渊明的性情和诗风高度契合性理诗人的理学思想,故有道者之诗多效陶;杜诗拘于声律对偶,工夫义理不及《诗经》,但其诗风雅健,且有道学气象,而致性理诗人疑杜与崇杜并存;以邵雍、陈献章为代表的理学名家的诗歌乃合乎天道者之言,明代性理诗人热衷对此鼓吹宗尚,由此形成了因承有序且相对封闭的诗歌审美传统。这四种传统对应了理学与诗歌深度融合的四重理路。以理学为核心,以与理学的关联程度为半径,可以将明代性理诗人的诗歌传统划分为四个圈层,依次是理学家诗歌内部承续传统、风雅传统、效陶传统、崇杜传统,最终聚合为一个兼备诗法、诗评与诗作的“同心圆”。The poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty followed a relatively stable poetic tradition,which could be roughly divided into the elegant tradition of The Book of Songs,the tradition of imitating the style of Tao Yuanming,the tradition of worshiping Du Fu,and the tradition of internal inheritance of poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.They believed that The Book of Songs contained complete philosophical connotations and natural law and was the classic paradigm and highest standard of poetry creation.The temperament and poetic style of Tao Yuanming were very consistent with the Neo-Confucianism thought of poets of Neo-Confucianism,so the poems of those who advocated Tao often imitated the style of Tao Yuanming.Du Fu's poems have antithesis in poetic rhymes,and his techniques and philosophical connotations are not as good as those in The Book of Songs.However,his poetic style is elegant and powerful and has a style of moralists.Therefore,poets of Neo-Confucianism both had the thoughts of doubting and worshiping Du Pu.The poems of famous Neo-Confucianists,represented by Shao Yong and Chen Xianzhang,were in line with opinions of people respecting the natural principles,and the poets in the Ming Dynasty especially advocated these principles,thus forming relatively closed poetry aesthetic traditions.These four traditions correspond to the four principles of the deep integration of Neo-Confucianism and poetry.In short,with Neo-Confucianism as the core and the degree of connection with Neo-Confucianism as the radius,the poetry traditions of the Ming Dynasty's nature poets can be divided into four styles,namely,the internally continued tradition of Neo-Confucianism,the tradition of elegant poems,the tradition of imitating Tao Yuanming's style,and the tradition of admiring Du Fu's style,finally establishing a"concentric circle"with poetic method,poetic comment and poetic composition.

关 键 词：明代 性理诗人 诗歌传统 理学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K248[历史地理—历史学]