牛羊无角表型遗传机制研究进展  

Research Progress on The Genetic Mechanism of Hornless Phenotype in Cattle and Sheep

作　　者：韩翠 阎明毅 张强龙 吴森 HAN Cui;YAN Mingyi;ZHANG Qianglong;WU Sen(Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qinghai Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第23期108-112,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：青海省重大科技专项[2021-NK-A5];农业生产发展资金——联合育种(羊)[2130122];青海省畜牧兽医科学院牧科院基本科研业务费自主选题项目[MKY-2019-04]。

摘　　要：角是偶蹄目反刍亚目动物特有的组织结构,是动物之间进行斗争及抵御外敌的工具,但在现代化集约养殖中容易造成畜舍的破坏及工作人员伤亡。牛羊的犄角不同于鹿科动物,属于无附加值动物产品,且会降低饲料报酬,降低饲料转化率,不适应现代化高效养殖发展趋势。而人为去角,在违背动物福利的同时会浪费巨大的人力物力,易引起动物应激。通过遗传改良培育无角型牛羊品种是发展高效畜牧业的重要任务。牛羊的洞角比较特殊,中空而外部角质化,难以直接开展组织发育的调控研究,多从基因组层面探究其遗传机制。文章综述了国内外牛羊无角性状主效基因研究进展,为进一步研究牛羊犄角有无、角型发育,开展牛羊分子育种等问题提供科学参考,对后续采用分子生物学技术开展无角化牛羊品种培育提供参考。Horn is a unique organizational structure of the cloven-hoofed ruminant suborder,which is a tool for animals to fight and resist foreign enemies,but it is easy to cause damage to livestock houses and casualties to staff in modern intensive breeding.The horns of cattle and sheep are different from deer,which are non-value-added animal products,and will reduce feed remuneration,reduce feed con⁃version rate,and do not adapt to the development trend of modern and efficient breeding.Man-made cor⁃ner removal,while violating animal welfare,will waste huge manpower and material resources,which is easy to cause animal stress.The cultivation of hornless cattle and sheep breeds through genetic improve⁃ment is an important task in the development of efficient animal husbandry.The hole horns of cattle and sheep are relatively special,hollow and externally keratinized,which is difficult to directly carry out the regulation of tissue development,but mostly explore its genetic mechanism from the genome level.This paper reviews the research progress of the main gene of hornless traits in cattle and sheep at home and abroad,which provides a scientific reference for further research on the presence or absence of horns and horn development,and the development of molecular breeding of cattle and sheep,and provides a reference for the subsequent use of mo⁃lecular biology technology to carry out the cultiva⁃tion of hornless cattle and sheep breeds.

关 键 词：犄角发育 无角性状 主效基因 分子育种 研究进展 

分 类 号：S813.2[农业科学—畜牧学]