历史制度主义视角下美国博士后制度变迁研究  

Institutional Logic of Postdoctoral System Development in the United States from Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：梁会青 朱洪洋 LIANG Hui-qing;ZHU Hong-yang(Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学,河南开封475004 [2]南京师范大学,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2023年第12期72-79,共8页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

摘　　要：博士后制度是培养高层次青年人才的重要制度。采用历史制度主义分析框架检视美国博士后制度变迁历程,对其变迁逻辑进行深层解构。美国博士后制度历经近150年演进,历经探索期、过渡期、调整期和规范期等四个阶段,其变迁既受到外部政治、经济、制度环境的影响,也是学术资本主义知识生产模式作为主导、关键行动者采用有效行动的综合结果。我国博士后制度完善既需要优化学术生态环境,也需要系统完善博士后顶层制度设计,关注并重视博士后发展,清晰描画博士后发展实态。Postdoctoral system is an important system of cultivating high-level talents.This research aims to analyze the institutional logic of postdoctoral system development in the United States from the perspective of historical institutionalism.The quality of postdocs training involves personal development,professional development and organizational development.The postdoctoral system in the United States has undergone about 150 years of evolution,including four stages,namely,exploration period,transitional period,adjustment period,and standardization period.Its institutional change is the comprehensive result of external macro environment,academic capitalism and effective actions taken by key actors.In order to improve the postdocs system in China,we should optimize the academic environment,systematically improve the top-level system design,attach importance on the development of the postdocs on the basis of orderly large-scale investigation,and strive to make a clear depiction of the actual state of postdoctoral development.

关 键 词：美国博士后 制度变迁 历史制度主义 

分 类 号：G644.8[文化科学—高等教育学]