供给约束与内部压力:20世纪80年代初国有企业办社会的动力机制分析  

Supply Constraints and Internal Pressure: An Analysis of the Motive Mechanismof State Owned Enterprises in "Running Society" in Early 1980s

作　　者：阎瑞雪 王于鹤 Yan Ruixue;Wang Yuhe

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2023年第6期167-183,共17页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：中国社会科学院“登峰计划”中国经济思想史特殊学科;中国社会科学院经济研究所创新工程项目“中国改革开放初期国有企业制度变革及其思想研究”;中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“数字人文方法在经济思想史学科的应用”(批准号:2021YQNQD0034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：改革开放初期,国家对企业扩权让利,增加了企业的自主决策空间和利润激励。受到地理位置等外部因素和企业规模、劳动力情况等内部因素的多重影响,企业进行办社会决策时需要在多目标之间进行平衡。比较分析表明,外部供给约束较紧且规模较大的企业,或劳动力过剩较多的重工业企业更倾向于办社会;而外部供给约束较为宽松,劳动力过剩问题不严重的轻工业企业,或规模较小且劳动力剩余较少的企业,在办社会问题上更倾向于寻求更多替代方案。QCA分析结果表明,外部供给约束和过剩劳动力这两个特定制度下的成因在较多情况下是核心条件,对企业办社会的决策产生了重要的影响。国有企业在社会职能问题方面的改革,和经济体制改革密不可分,其进度与深度依赖于国家整体改革进程的推进。According to the survey data of state-owned enterprises in the early 1980s,it can be seen that the‘expansion of power and transfer of benefits"in the early reform period strengthened the profit goals of the enterprise while maintaining the goals of completing instructions and safeguarding employee interests before.The enterprise had to balance multiple goals to achieve maximum benefits.The decision-making of enterprises in"running society"is influenced by the external supply constraints of sociai welfare and internal factors such as enterprise size and labor surplus.QCA shows that enterprises with tight external supply constraints and larger scales,or heavy industrial enterprises with more labor surplus,tend to"run society",while light industrial enterprises with loose external supply constraints and less labor surplus,or smaller enterprises with less labor surplus,tend to seek alternative solutions.External supply constraints and the situation of surplus labor force,two institutional factors,are the core conditions in many cases and have a significant impact.Therefore,the reform of social functions in state-owned enterprises is closely related to and depended on institutional reform.From the QCA analysis,it can be seen that external supply constraints and the situation of surplus labor are the core conditions in many cases,which have a significant impact on the decision-making of enterprises to"run society".Therefore,the reform of social functions in state-owned enterprises is closely related to economic system reform,and its progress also deeply depends on the progress of the overall national reform process.

关 键 词：企业办社会 供给约束 劳动力过剩 企业规模 

分 类 号：F279.29[经济管理—企业管理] K27[经济管理—国民经济]