农村电子商务发展如何赋能水库移民就业增收——基于“三链”融合理论的多案例研究  

How Does the Rural E-commerce Promote Reservoir Resettlers' Employment and Income Growth:A Multi-Case Study Based on the Integration Theory of “Industry-Supply-Value Chains”

作　　者：曾妍 谭江涛 王守文[2] 段跃芳 ZENG Yan;TAN Jiangtao;WANG Shouwen;DUAN Yuefang

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水库移民研究中心 [2]三峡大学经济与管理学院 [3]广东金融学院金融与投资学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第10期86-111,共26页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“建设‘长江三峡生态经济走廊’研究”(编号:19ZDA089);国家社会科学基金重大项目“跨县搬迁社区治理与后期扶持研究”(编号:21&ZD183);水库移民研究中心湖北省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地开放基金项目“水库移民后期扶持质量提升路径探究——以三峡库区移民电商价值链构建为视角”(编号:2020KF07)的资助。

摘　　要：农村电子商务发展是促进库区就业增收的重要途径,而“产业链-供应链-价值链”的融合发展是赋能水库移民安稳致富的关键所在。本文构建了“三链”三阶段融合的理论分析框架,以三峡库区秭归县、奉节县和巴东县三个农村电子商务发展程度不同的典型区域为研究对象,采用探索性多案例分析方法,探究处于“三链”不同融合阶段的地区借助电子商务发展赋能水库移民就业增收的实现机制。本文研究发现:在弱融合阶段,电子商务激活助力农产品上行,赋能水库移民就业增收渠道拓展;在基本融合阶段,电子商务集聚促进农业规模化,赋能水库移民创新创业就业增收;在深度融合阶段,电子商务融合催生农业新业态,赋能水库移民返乡创业就业增收。发挥电子商务帮扶政策“助推器”作用和由政府一元管理转向多主体协同治理,是跨越融合阶段电子商务发展赋能水库移民就业增收的关键机制。因此,促进后期扶持政策与乡村振兴政策的有效衔接、激发水库移民自主治理的积极性和创造性,是推进库区“三链”融合、赋能水库移民安稳致富的重要途径。Rural e-commerce is an important way to promote employment and income growth in the reservoir areas.The integrated development of “industrial chain-supply chain-value chain” is the key to enabling reservoir resettlers to stably become rich.Based on a exploratory multi-case analysis of Zigui County,Fengjie County,and Badong County,which are three typical regions with different levels of rural e-commerce development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this paper develops a theoretical analysis framework featuring a three-stage integration of the “three chains” and investigate how the development of rural e-commerce aids in the efforts to promote employment and income growth for reservoir resettlers.This study finds that:1) in the weak integration stage,e-commerce helps create job opportunities and diversify sources of income for the resettlers by facilitating the sales of agricultural products to urban markets;2) in the general integration stage,the concentration of e-commerce businesses helps expand the scale of agricultural production,further augmenting reservoir resettlers' income by creating favorable environment for entrepreneurship;3) in the deep integration state,e-commerce integration produces new forms of agriculture that attract resettlers back to their hometowns to start a business or secure employment.Leveraging the role of e-commerce support policies as “accelerators” and transitioning from government-centric management to multi-stakeholder collaborative governance are key mechanisms for promoting reservoir resettlers' employment and income growth during the transition across integration stages.Therefore,a complementary combination of subsequent supporting policies and the Rural Revitalization policies,coupled with the measures to encourage the autonomical governance of resettlers,is essential for the “three-chain” integration and sustainable prosperity of reservoir resettlers.

关 键 词：农村电子商务 就业 农民增收 水库移民 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]