深海多金属结核采矿车与底质相互作用机制及其环境影响研究进展  

A review on interacting mechanisms of the deep sea mining vehicle-the marine sediment and its environmental effects

作　　者：陈旭光 栾鲁宝 张宁[2] 沙飞 刘金忠 CHEN Xuguang;LUAN Lubao;ZHANG Ning;SHA Fei;LIU Jinzhong(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京102206 [3]山东科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2023年第6期1173-1190,共18页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1906234);国家杰出青年基金项目(52225107);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2801500);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(202041004)。

摘　　要：深海蕴藏有丰富的固体矿产资源,对其合理开发利用可满足我国新能源、高新技术产业发展对战略性金属资源的需求,是保障我国经济高质量发展的具体举措.本文首先回顾了国内外深海采矿系统的发展历程,然后针对当前最具商业前景的深海履带式采矿车系统,分别围绕深海稀软底质土-动态装备耦合作用、深海稀软底质的射流侵蚀机制和深海多金属采矿环境效应这3个方面展开综述,分析了当前深海履带式采矿车系统所涉及的关键力学问题和研究进展,提出如下发展建议:亟需进一步完善动态牵引力模型,结合深海稀软底质力学特性,建立采矿车牵引性能与行驶稳定性分析方法;厘清射流参数对结核的起动、内外流场以及对稀软底质的侵蚀作用;明晰深海采矿沉积物羽流生成和发展机制,评估羽流的环境影响效应,并研发羽流监测与抑制方法.The deep sea contains large amounts of ore mineral resources which contributes to developments of industries with new energies and high technologies in our country,if they are exploited by proper activities.The extraction of deep-sea mining resources is also a detailly commercial activity serving the high-quality economic development of our country.This paper reviewed the development of deep-sea mining system around the world.Following that,three aspects of the crawler-mounted deep-sea mining vehicle which is the most commercially promising,were summarized to present the key technical problems and the latest researching developments:Dynamic coupling interaction between the deep-sea sediment and the mining equipment,microcosmic structure of the deep-sea sediment and its corresponding jet erosion mechanics,environmental disturbance caused by the mining activities.The following suggestions are accordingly proposed:It is necessary to improve the current tractive force model of the crawler-mounted deep-sea mining vehicle and to propose the analysis method for its tractive performance based on the mechanical characteristics of the deep-sea sediment;to clarify the effect of jet parameters on the nodule movement,the flow field and the sediment erosion;to develop the method for plume monitoring and suppression based on the generating mechanism of deep-sea mining sediment plums and disturbance on the biological environment.

关 键 词：深海采矿 沉积物 采矿车行进 射流采集 羽状流 

分 类 号：TD989[矿业工程—选矿]