弱黏结复合顶板沿空留巷分级“控顶-卸压”机理与应用  

Mechanism and application of classification"roof control-pressure relief"of gob-side entry retained with weakly caking compound roof

作　　者：贾后省[1,2] 王林 彭博 王国营 张定山 卓军 王艺博 JIA Housheng;WANG Lin;PENG Bo;WANG Guoying;ZHANG Dingshan;ZHUO Jun;WANG Yibo(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China;State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China;Sichuan Chuanmei Huarong Energy Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu,Sichuan 610091,China;Sichuan Huayingshan Longtan Coal and Electricity Co.,Ltd.,Guang'an,Sichuan 638020,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454003 [2]煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,河南焦作454003 [3]四川川煤华荣能源有限责任公司,四川成都610091 [4]四川华蓥山龙滩煤电有限责任公司,四川广安638020

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2023年第6期1191-1202,共12页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：中原英才计划-中原青年拔尖人才项目(2021);河南省高校科技创新人才项目(22HASTIT010);河南理工大学研究生教育教学改革基金项目(2021YJ07)。

摘　　要：为了实现弱黏结复合顶板沿空留巷高效切顶卸压与差异化控顶设计,以龙滩煤矿312采区工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,采用现场探测、理论分析、数值模拟等综合研究方法,掌握了沿空留巷顶板钻进动力响应特征和坚硬岩层断裂机理,提出了不同坚硬岩层位态条件下的顶板致裂方法.研究结果表明:弱黏结复合顶板浅部坚硬岩层位态可钻测获取,该坚硬岩层厚度决定了留巷顶板卸压的方式和难易程度,采空区覆岩运动作用下,不同密度的切顶钻孔直接影响了坚硬岩层钻孔截面破坏区的分布与扩展,当钻孔间距低至400 mm且坚硬岩层厚度降至2.0 m左右,高密度切顶钻孔可将顶板有效致裂,当坚硬岩层达到一定厚度时,需辅以定向爆破进行顶板超前致裂.据此,形成了强力支护控顶与差异性顶板致裂卸压相结合的分级卸压技术体系,以坚硬岩层厚度为核心指标将顶板分为四级,并确定了不同级别顶板的卸压方式、卸压关键参数及采区侧顶板控顶对策.工程应用监测结果表明:该分级“控顶-卸压”方法及技术可保障留巷围岩稳定的同时,大幅提升了卸压和留巷效率.The efficient roof cutting and pressure relief and differentiated quantitative support design for the gob-side entry retained with weakly caking compound roof was improved by taking the gob-side entry retained in the 312 mining area of Longtan Coal Mine as the engineering background and adopt exploration,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and other research methods were used to master the dynamic response characteristics of the gob-side entry retained roof drilling and the fracture mechanism of hard stratum.The roof cracking method was proposed under different hard stratum conditions.The results show that the position of the shallow hard stratum in the weakly caking compound roof can be obtained through drilling and measurement.This hard stratum determines the way and difficulty of pressure relief on the gob-side entry retained roof.Under the action of the overlying rock movement in the goaf,different densities of roof cutting drilling directly affect the distribution and expansion of the failure area of the hard stratum drilling section.The drilling spacing is as low as 400 mm and the thickness of the hard stratum is reduced to about 2.0 m,the high-density roof cutting drilling can effectively crack the roof,the hard stratum reaches a certain thickness,directional blasting is needed to assist in advanced presplitting of the roof.The hierarchical pressure relief technology system combining strong support and roof control with differential roof fracturing and pressure relief has been formed.The roof is divided into four levels with the thickness of hard stratum as the core index and the pressure relief mode.The key parameters of pressure relief and roof control measures at the side of mining area under different roof conditions have been determined.The hierarchical"roof control-pressure relief"method and technology can ensure the stability of gob-side entry retained surrounding rock at the same time,and significantly improve the efficiency of pressure relief and gob-side entry retained.

关 键 词：沿空留巷 坚硬岩层 复合顶板 切顶卸压 增效锚固 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]