环境风烟囱效应对高层建筑竖向通道火灾烟气行为耦合影响  

Coupled influence of environmental wind and chimney effect on fire flue gas behavior of high-rise building shaft

作　　者：郭志国 谭清岚 陈荣芳 周令剑[1] 杨雨润 GUO Zhiguo;TAN Qinglan;CHEN Rongfang;ZHOU Lingjian;YANG Yurun(School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学应急管理与安全工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第11期3920-3927,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：江西省研究生创新专项(YC2022 S650);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910407002)。

摘　　要：为探究高层建筑竖向通道火灾烟气在环境风与烟囱效应耦合下的输运行为,以赣州市某高层建筑的竖向通道为研究对象,采用Pyrosim建立4种火灾场景的物理仿真模型,并运用火灾动力学模拟软件(Fire Dynamics Simulator,FDS)模拟分析环境风与烟囱效应耦合作用下竖向通道火灾烟气蔓延行为。结果显示:在环境风或烟囱效应单因素作用下,竖向通道中的烟气蔓延速度与CO体积分数均上升;环境风速越大,对竖向通道内火灾烟气温升的抑制效果越强。在环境风与烟囱效应双因素耦合作用下,竖向通道中火灾烟气的相关行为特征更加显著,烟气到达竖向通道顶部时长最大缩减了44.5 s,同高度CO体积分数最大涨幅达到0.13百分点,竖向通道内温升则出现明显削弱现象。研究结果可为高层建筑竖向通道防火及排烟设计提供理论依据。To explore the transport behavior of fire smoke in the vertical passage of high-rise buildings under the coupling of environmental wind and chimney effect,the vertical passage of a high-rise building in Ganzhou City was taken as the research object,and the method of combining theory about/of the simulation was used to establish the physical simulation model of fire scenarios of four working conditions using Pyrosim software,and FDS was used to simulate and analyze the spreading behavior of fire smoke in the vertical passage under the coupling of environmental wind and chimney effect.The results show that both the ambient wind and the chimney effect can accelerate the smoke spread and the increase of the CO volume fraction in the vertical channel under the single factor action,and the maximum length of smoke spread to the top reduce by 7.4 s under different ambient wind speeds.The maximum reduction of the chimney effect is 39.8 s;The greater the ambient wind speed is and the smaller the channel length diameter ratio is,the stronger the inhibition effect on the fire smoke temperature rise in the vertical channel is;Under the coupling effect of environmental wind and chimney effect,the behavior of flue gas in the vertical channel is more significant.The specific changes are as follows:under different working conditions,the maximum length of flue gas spreading to the top of the vertical channel will decrease by 44.5 s,and the maximum increase of the CO volume fraction at the same height measuring point will reach 0.13 percentage points and the temperature rise in the vertical channel will be significantly weakened.Through the research results,it can be found that reducing the length-diameter ratio of the vertical passage within the allowable range can effectively reduce the harm of smoke to the high-rise building personnel.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the fire prevention and smoke exhaust design of vertical passages through high-rise buildings.

关 键 词：安全工程 高层建筑火灾 竖向通道 环境风 烟囱效应 烟气蔓延 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]