蒸气云爆炸荷载计算方法比选研究  

Research on calculation method selection of vapor cloud explosion load

作　　者：赵洪祥 袁景[2] ZHAO Hongxiang;YUAN Jing(SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation,Beijing 100101,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化工程建设有限公司,北京100101 [2]中国石油大学(华东)机电工程学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第11期3944-3950,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：通过比较计算爆炸荷载的4种常用方法:三硝基甲苯(Trinitrotoluene,TNT)当量法、贝克斯特洛唐(BakerStrehlow-Tang,BST)法、荷兰应用科学研究组织(Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research,TNO)多能法和计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法,得出对于石油化工行业易发的蒸气云爆炸,推荐采用TNO多能法或CFD方法的结论。通过构建蒸气云爆炸场景,定量评估TNO多能法或CFD方法在单爆炸场景计算中的准确度和适用性。研究结果显示,在爆炸冲击波近场,CFD方法在计算中考虑了障碍物对爆炸冲击波的遮挡效应,其近场的计算结果更为可信,但是在爆炸冲击波远场通常会高估爆炸冲击波衰减速度。TNO多能法在爆炸冲击波远场的计算中更有优势,但在爆炸冲击波近场的计算结果受使用者主观影响较大。研究成果可为学者科学地选择计算方法,并准确评估爆炸荷载提供参考和依据。This study compares several calculation methods of explosion load:TNT equivalent method,BST method,TNO multi-energy method,and CFD method.For vapor cloud explosion which is common in petrochemical plants,the TNO multi-energy method or CFD method is recommended.Researchers generally believe that the CFD method is more reliable than TNO multi-energy method due to its threedimensional model,complex equation set-up,time-varying results,et,al.To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy and applicability of these two methods,this study constructs a vapor cloud explosion scenario.Hydrogen leaks from a pressurized vessel,and after a long time mixing with air,hydrogen-air mixture fills in the congested area with stoichiometric concentration,then delay ignition at the center point occurs.TNO multi-energy method and CFD method are used to calculate the explosion load of this scenario.Results indicate that the same law of explosion load changing with distance is observed.With the increase in distance to the source,the explosion load decreases significantly.In the near field of the blast wave,the CFD method benefits from the real model,shielding effect of obstacles against the blast wave is considered.While the TNO multi-energy method assumes the blast wave radiates in all directions with no difference.Moreover,the determination of explosion strength curves relies mainly on the knowledge of the uses,which also impacts the accuracy of calculation results.Therefore in the near field,compare to TNO multi-energy method,the CFD method is preferred.However,in the far field of the blast wave,the CFD method explosion load decreases rapidly,which is not in line with the consequences observed in some accidents,in other words,the CFD method usually overestimates the decay rate of explosion load.TNO multi-energy method calculation results reveal that the explosion load in the far field is quite stable,which means that the impact can extend to a long distance.Generally,TNO multi-energy method has the advantage in the calculation of far field.

关 键 词：安全工程 蒸气云爆炸 TNO多能法 CFD方法 准确度 适用性 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]