气体引射效应对壁面热流和摩擦阻力的影响  

Gas⁃injection effects on wall heat flux and skin⁃friction of vehicles

作　　者：樊宇翔 赵瑞[1,2] 左政玄 杨光 李宇[3] FAN Yuxiang;ZHAO Rui;ZUO Zhengxuan;YANG Guang;LI Yu(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center,Chongqing 401135,China;Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory,China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401135 [3]中国运载火箭技术研究院空间物理重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第21期365-376,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：烧蚀热防护材料在高热负荷下会发生热解,产生的热解气体进入到边界层中会起到降热减阻效应。首先建立壁面质量引射边界条件,验证了该边界的准确性,并针对高超声速钝楔模型,研究了不同攻角、不同引射气体对壁面热流和摩擦阻力的影响机理和规律。计算结果表明,由于壁面质量引射的存在,迎风面激波脱体距离增加,高温区域远离壁面,壁面热流和摩擦阻力均降低。同时相比于空气引射,同等质量流率下热解气体引射导致的激波脱体距离更远,壁面附近的温度梯度、黏性系数和切向速度梯度也减小更多,因此降热减阻效果也更为显著,并且随着攻角的减小,迎风面质量引射的降热减阻效率有所增大。此外,引射质量流率的增加提高了降热减阻效率,空气引射的质量流率为热解气体的2倍时,两者的降热减阻效率才近乎相等。The ablative thermal protection material will be pyrolyzed under high thermal load.The produced pyrolysis gas is injected into the boundary layer,reducing heat flux and skin-friction drastically.Firstly,the boundary condition of wall mass injection is established,and the accuracy of this boundary is verified.After that,for the hypersonic blunt wedge model,the mechanisms of the influence of different angles of attack and different gases on the wall heat flux and skin-friction are studied.The numerical results show that due to the existence of wall mass injection,the distance of the windward detached shock from the wall increases,and the high-temperature region is pushed away from the wall,reducing the wall heat flux and skin-friction.Compared with air injection,the distance of the detached shock due to pyrolysis gas at the same mass flow rate is farther from the wall,and the temperature gradient,viscosity coefficient,and velocity gradient also decrease obviously in the boundary layer.Therefore,the reduction of heat flux and skin-friction by pyrolysis gas injection is more significant,and the efficiency of heat flux and skin-friction reduction increases with the decrease of the attack angle.Comparison of the results at different mass flow rates finds that the increase in air injection mass flow rate improves the efficiency of heat flux and skin-friction reduction,and the efficiencies of both is nearly equal when the air injection mass flow rate is twice that of the pyrolysis gas.

关 键 词：热解气体 壁面质量引射 降热减阻 高超声速 计算流体力学 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]