冷战与美国社会学的发展  

Cold War and the Development of American Sociology

作　　者：李钧鹏 许松影 LI Jun-peng;XU Song-ying

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院 [2]华中师范大学湖北省社会发展与社会政策研究中心

出　　处：《社会学评论》2023年第6期5-26,共22页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“知识社会学的学术脉络与体系重建研究”(18BSH014)

摘　　要：在过去半个世纪中,社会学的学科史研究除了按照时间顺序梳理重要的人物、出版物、组织和制度,也将目光投向学术知识、学科制度、人际交往和社会背景等因素的复杂关联。本文采取后一种思路,考察冷战所带来的重视科学技术、了解其他社会、对外文化宣传与对内管控等政府行为和文化氛围,从制度、文化和思想三个方面对美国社会学产生的六点影响:(1)学术界对政府资助的依赖加深;(2)跨学科合作和社会学学科自身认同深化;(3)研究对象和范围受到引导与限制,超脱政治的中立化姿态盛行;(4)科学主义传统进一步强化;(5)"个体-集体"社会模型得到延续和深化;(6)现代化理论等特定理论和方法出现或被广泛应用。时至今日,这些影响有些已经在美国本土消失,有些则扩散到了全球各地的社会学实践中。During the past half century,the history of sociology has not only adopted the traditional method of historiography by sorting out important figures,publications,organizations and institutions in chronological order,but also focused on the complex relationships among academic knowledge,disciplinary institutions,interpersonal communication,and social backgrounds.Following the latter line of thinking,this article examines the effects of the Cold War on the development of American sociology.The government behavior and cultural atmosphere such as attaching importance to science and technology,investigating other societies,cultural propaganda and thought control triggered by the Cold War bring about six outcomes of American sociology from institutional,cultural,and intellectual aspects:(1)academia is more reliant on government funding;(2)interdisciplinary cooperation and the deepening of sociology's own identity;(3)the scope of research is misled and limited,and a neutral attitude beyond politics prevails;(4)the existing tradition of scientism is further strengthened;(5)the"Individuality-Collectivity"social model has been continued and deepened;(6)specific theories and methods such as modernization theory have emerged or been widely used.Today,some of these influences have disappeared in the United States,and some have spread to sociological fields around the world.

关 键 词：社会学史 知识社会学 美国社会学 冷战 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] C912.67[社会学]