西藏部分地区幼儿体质健康状况及相关因素分析  

Physical health status and influencing factors of preschool children in Tibet

作　　者：陈婷[1] 梁蒙 王佳娟 赵昕 程红 杜文娟 孙睿哲 CHEN Ting;LIANG Meng;WANG Jiajuan;ZHAO Xin;CHENG Hong;DU Wenjuan;SUN Ruizhe(Key Laboratory of Plateau Hypoxia Environment and Life and Health,Plateau Sports and Health Research Center,Xizang University for Nationalities,Xianyang(712082),Shaanxi Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学高原体育与健康研究中心/高原低氧环境与生命健康重点实验室,陕西咸阳712082 [2]西藏民族大学附属医院外科 [3]西藏自治区体育科学研究所业务室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第11期1626-1630,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82060422);西藏文化传承发展协同创新中心招标课题(XT-ZB202240);西藏民族大学高原低氧环境与生命健康实验室开放课题(XZMU-2022M-H03)。

摘　　要：目的探讨西藏地区幼儿体质健康状况及影响因素,旨在为促进西藏地区幼儿体质良性发展提供科学依据和理论基础。方法数据来源于2013—2014和2019—2020年西藏国民体质监测幼儿部分(3~6岁),共1521名幼儿纳入研究进行问卷调查及体质测试,测试内容包括身体形态及身体素质指标。采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析比较不同组别幼儿体质指标间的差异,采用χ^(2)检验和二元Logistic回归模型分析影响幼儿体质健康的因素。结果西藏地区3~6岁幼儿体质总合格率为79.75%,其中优秀、良好、合格和不合格构成比分别为3.16%,15.12%,61.47%,20.25%。健康体重幼儿体质优秀率(3.74%)、良好率(17.47%)均高于其他幼儿,超重幼儿体质合格率(69.03%)均高于肥胖(55.88%)和健康体重幼儿(60.68%)(χ^(2)=53.56,P<0.01)。藏族幼儿体质优秀率(3.69%)、良好率(17.13%)均高于同海拔汉族(0.74%,5.88%),不合格率(16.97%)低于汉族(35.29%)(χ^(2)=53.71,P<0.01);藏族幼儿体重、胸围、各皮褶厚度、体脂率、网球掷远、双脚连续跳、坐位体前屈及走平衡木的成绩均高于汉族,安静心率和立定跳远成绩均低于汉族(t值分别为2.72,10.95,9.66,3.68,3.88,8.04,3.56,8.70,-4.39,-4.40,P值均<0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,藏族(OR=2.29)、母乳喂养(OR=1.51)、每天室外运动时长30~90 min(30~<60 min:OR=2.03;60~90 min:OR=2.22)与幼儿体质健康呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论西藏地区3~6岁幼儿体质总合格率较低,民族、婴儿期喂养方式、每天室外运动时长均为西藏地区幼儿体质的相关因素。应积极采取针对性措施,促进幼儿的持续健康发展。Objective To explore physical health status and influencing factors of preschool children in Tibet,so as to provide a scientific reference and theoretical basis for the healthy development of physical fitness.Methods Data were collected from children(3-6 years old)of Xizang national physical fitness monitoring,and a total of 1521 preschool children were recruited who received questionnaire survey and physical fitness test.Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences in physical fitness indexes of preschool children in different groups.Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting physical health of preschool children.Results The total qualified rate of physical fitness was 79.75%,among which the excellent rate was 3.16%,the good rate was 15.12%,the qualified rate was 61.47%and the unqualified was 20.25%.From the perspective of BMI,the excellent physical fitness rate(3.74%)and good physical fitness rate(17.47%)were highest in healthy weight preschool children,and the qualified physical fitness rate of overweight preschool children(69.03%)was higher than that of obese(55.88%)and healthy weight preschool children(60.68%)(χ^(2)=53.56,P<0.01).From the perspective of ethnic,Tibetan children's physique proficiency(3.69%),good rate(17.13%)than with the elevation of the Han nationality(0.74%,5.88%),fraction defective(16.97%),lower than that of Han nationality(35.29%)(χ^(2)=53.71,P<0.01);The results of chest circumference,skinfold thickness,body fat percentage,tennis throw distance,continuous jump of both feet,sitting forward bend and balance beam walking of Tibetan children were higher than those of Han children,and the results of quiet heart rate and standing long jump were lower than those of Han children(t=2.72,10.95,9.66,3.68,3.88,8.04,3.56,8.70,-4.39,-4.40,P<0.01).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetans(OR=2.29),breastfeeding(OR=1.51),body dynamics outdoor daily exercise duration 30-90 min(30-<60 min:OR=2.03;60-90

关 键 词：体质 合格鉴定 回归分析 儿童 学龄前 少数民族 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学] G806[文化科学—体育学] R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]