安徽省中小学生血压偏高流行现状及影响因素  

Prevalence and influencing factors of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province

作　　者：张昱堃 王志强[1] 陈国平[1] 吴静 仰阳 李卫东[1] ZHANG Yukun;WANG Zhiqiang;CHEN Guoping;WU Jing;YANG Yang;LI Weidong(Department of Food Nutrition and School Health,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei(230601),Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心食品营养与学校卫生科,合肥230601

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第11期1733-1737,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的分析2022年安徽省中小学生血压偏高及其影响因素,为制定儿童青少年血压偏高防控措施提供科学依据。方法从2022年安徽省学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预项目资料中,选取信息完整的210360名7~17岁中小学生作为研究对象,采用独立样本t检验和方差分析比较不同特征学生血压值差异,χ^(2)检验比较不同特征学生血压偏高率差异,建立广义线性混合模型分析儿童青少年血压偏高相关因素。结果安徽省中小学生总体血压偏高率为22.3%。高中生和初中生血压偏高率分别为25.6%和23.7%,高于小学生20.4%(χ^(2)=528.49,P<0.01);肥胖和超重学生血压偏高率分别为33.3%和24.9%,高于体型正常学生18.6%(χ^(2)=3704.52,P<0.01);农村学生血压偏高率为23.1%,高于城市21.4%(χ^(2)=83.39,P<0.01);皖北学生血压偏高率为26.9%,高于皖中21.9%和皖南17.6%(χ^(2)=1777.51,P<0.01)。广义线性混合模型分析发现,性别、学段、体质量指数(BMI)、地区和城乡均是血压偏高的相关因素,其中女生血压偏高风险高于男生,初中生和高中生血压偏高风险高于小学生,超重组和肥胖组的血压偏高风险高于正常组,皖北地区学生血压偏高风险高于皖南,农村学生血压偏高风险高于城市(OR值分别为1.11,1.25,1.47,1.45,2.24,1.21,1.67,P值均<0.01)。结论安徽省中小学生血压偏高率较高。应尽快出台相应措施,遏制血压偏高增长势头,保护儿童青少年身心健康。Objective To analyze the prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province in 2022,as well as its influencing factors,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of effective measures to prevent and control elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents.Methods Using data from the 2022"Monitoring of Common Diseases and health Influencing Factors of Students"in Anhui Province,a total of 210360 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 with complete information.Statistical analysis,including independent sample t-tests,analysis of variance,and Chi-square tests,were conducted to compare blood pressure differences and prevalence rates among students with different characteristics.Generalized linear mixed models were established to analyze the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents.Results The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Anhui Province was 22.3%,higher among high school students(25.6%)and junior high school students(23.7%)than elementary school students(20.4%)(χ^(2)=528.49,P<0.01);higher among obese(33.3%)and overweight students(24.9%)than that of normal students(18.6%)(χ^(2)=3704.52,P<0.01),higher among rural students(23.1%)than urban students(21.4%)(χ^(2)=83.39,P<0.01),and higher in the northern part of Anhui Province(26.9%)than in the central part(21.9%)and southern part(17.6%)(χ^(2)=1777.51,P<0.01).The generalized linear mixed models revealed that girls,high school stage,overweight,obese,living in the northern part of Anhui Province,and living in rural were all positively correlated with elevated blood pressure(OR=1.11,1.25,1.47,1.45,2.24,1.21,1.67,P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in Anhui Province is the highest in the country.It is recommended that relevant departments promptly formulate corresponding measures to curb the increasing trend of elevated blood pressure and protect the

关 键 词：血压 患病率 超重 肥胖症 儿童 青少年 

分 类 号：R544[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R723.14[医药卫生—内科学] R179[医药卫生—临床医学]