苹果种植户有机肥施用的经济效果评价——基于新成本效率模型的对比分析  

Evaluation of economic effect of organic fertilizer application for apple growers

作　　者：张美玲 张复宏[1] ZHANG Meiling;ZHANG Fuhong(College of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2023年第11期150-161,共12页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23JYBO1146);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MG055)资助。

摘　　要：为探究有机肥施用的经济效果,对不同规模种植户有机肥施用的成本效率给予科学的评价。文中基于489户山东苹果种植户的调研数据,采用PSM模型及新成本效率模型对苹果种植户施用有机肥的生产效率及经济效果进行了分析评价。研究结果表明:1)较之未施用有机肥的对照组,施用有机肥使生产技术效率、劳动生产率、土地生产率、单位土地净利润分别平均提升了4.8%、1111.53kg/人、6786.14kg/hm^(2)、2.28万元/hm^(2)。2)通过对比不同规模种植户的新成本效率发现,种植规模在0.267~0.533hm^(2)的各项生产效率相对较高,且种植规模与生产效率之间呈现“倒U型”变化趋势。3)持续施用有机肥有利于抑制投入技术的无效损失并促进苹果等多年生高价值农产品的节本增效。为此,建议政府等有关部门应通过加大信息干预的力度、强化专业技术培训、优化要素投入的配置方式提高种植户有机肥的施用水平,促进农业的绿色发展。In order to explore the economic effect of organic fertilizer application,the cost efficiency of organic fertilizer application in different scale farms was evaluated scientifically.Based on the survey data of 489 apple growers in Shandong Province,we analyzed and evaluated the production efficiency and economic effect of organic fertilizer application by apple growers by using PSM model and new cost efficiency model.The results showed that:firstly,compared with the control that without organic fertilizer application,the application of organic fertilizer increased the production technical efficiency,labor productivity,land productivity and net profit per unit of land by 4.8%,1111.53kg/person,6786.14kg/hectare and 22,800 yuan/hectare,respectively,on average.Secondly,by comparing the new cost efficiency of farmers with different scales,it was found that the production efficiency of farmers with a planting scale of 0.267~0.533 hectares was relatively higher,and there was an"inverted U-shaped"trend between planting scale and production efficiency.Thirdly,continuous application of organic fertilizer was beneficial to restrain the ineffective loss of input technology and promote the cost saving and efficiency increase of high value perennial agricultural products such as apple.Therefore,it is suggested that the government and other relevant departments should increase the intensity of information intervention,strengthen professional technical training,optimize the allocation of factor input to improve the level of organic fertilizer application,and promote the green development of agriculture.

关 键 词：经济效果 有机肥施用 PSM模型 新成本效率模型 苹果种植户 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]