论离婚时父母出资购房的利益归属——基于出资归属与产权归属分离的视角  

The Ownership of the Property Purchased by the Contribution after Parents Divorce from the Perspective of the Separation between the Capital Contribution Ownership and Property Right Ownership

作　　者：于程远 YU Chengyuan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第9期29-41,共13页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金、中国政法大学科研创新项目《婚姻继承法中传统民法制度与方法论的运用研究——婚姻继承法的教义学化尝试》(19ZFQ82006);中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划资助(21CXTD03)。

摘　　要：夫妻离婚时,父母的出资不应直接决定该出资所购房产的归属。出资的归属与房屋产权的归属是两个不同的法律问题,应当分别判断。在出资归属的判断上,需要以意思表示解释和夫妻法定财产制为基础,在当事人约定不明时,该出资行为属于赠与。该赠与在夫妻婚前做出的,为对出资人亲生子女一方的赠与,属于夫妻一方个人财产;在夫妻婚后做出的,为对夫妻双方的赠与,属于夫妻共同财产。而对于房产归属的判断,则无须考察父母的意思,而仅须考察夫妻双方“谁用什么财产在婚前还是婚后购买了房屋”的问题。夫妻一方无论是婚前还是婚后用个人财产全资购房,购得的房屋依旧为个人财产;夫妻一方或双方无论在婚前还是婚后用共同财产全资购房,购得房屋为共同财产(共同共有)。夫妻双方在婚后用各自的个人财产为共同生活合力购房,购得的房屋同样为夫妻共同财产。而夫妻双方在婚前用各自的个人财产合力购房,则购得房屋由双方按出资比例按份共有。夫妻离婚的情形下,对出资父母可以适用目的性赠与的相关规则处理;立法论层面上,情势变更制度下的酌情返还或为更佳的方案。When the husband and wife get divorced,the parents capital contribution should not directly determine the ownership of the property purchased by the contribution.The ownership of capital contribution and the ownership of housing property rights are two different legal issues,which should be judged separately.In this process,the rules of Article 1062 and Article 1063 of the Civil Code should be applied repeatedly,without resorting to the rules similar to Article 7 of the previous Judicial Interpretation of the Marriage Law(Ⅲ)to identify the ownership of housing property rights.The judgment of the ownership of capital contribution should be based on the interpretation of the intention and the legal property system of the husband and wife.When the parties agreement is unclear,the act of capital contribution is a gift rather than a loan,because the repayment obligation of the children cannot be explained from the behavior of the parties.When determining the attribution of the gift,the time when the gift occurred is the key factor in the judgment:if the gift was made before the marriage of the husband and wife,it is a gift to the natural children of the donor,and it belongs to the personal property of the husband and wife;if made after the marriage of the husband and wife,it is a gift to both husband and wife,and belongs to the joint property of the husband and wife.However,it should be noted that the above rules are only preliminary rules of presumption applied when the true meaning of the expression of intention cannot be ascertained.When there are other elements worth considering,the interpreter should investigate the true meaning of the expression of intention by integrating all the elements.On the issue of the attribution of housing property rights,the binary structure of“capital”and“property”has brought about a fundamental change in the perspective of observation:The court does not need to directly examine the issue of“whether the house purchased by the parents is the common property of the husband a

关 键 词：父母出资 离婚房产 法定财产制 目的性赠与 情势变更 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]