重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚的伦理审视与优化  

Reviewing and Optimizing the Sentencing of Cases Involving Major Infectious Disease Patients from the Perspective of Public Health Ethics

作　　者：许身健 XU Shenjian

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律硕士学院 [2]中国政法大学数字社会治理研究院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第10期35-46,共12页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国集中力量战胜重大突发事件的制度优势及其法治化研究”(20ZDA008)。

摘　　要：在突发公共卫生事件中,重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚通常会引发争议。通过对重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚的判罚罪名、行为类型、刑期认定、案件周期、是否上诉等进行实证考察,发现重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚隐含了以下伦理问题:一是刑事罪名框定不适当扩张,凸显国家权力干预与个体权利保护之间的冲突;二是有期徒刑广泛严格适用,凸显公共健康与个人自由之间的冲突;三是刑事处罚的污名化效应,凸显社会利益与个人负担之间的冲突。公共健康伦理契合重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚所隐含的伦理性,可以为重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚提供价值指引和设定伦理规范。在公共健康伦理视阈下,重大传染病患者涉罪案件判罚应当以社会正义作为底线价值,同时充分考虑可允许性、相称性和必要性等正当性条件,在公共健康与个人自由之间取得适当平衡。In public health emergencies,the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients has usually been controversial,leading to a heated debate in the public domain.In addition,public health has also become a focal point among individuals,institutions and the governments,especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.With human stepping out of the pandemic,the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients has been significantly changed and softened.For example,in China,multiple ministries have jointly promulgated new measures in response to new norms of infectious diseases in the post-COVID era.Through an empirical examination of the sentencing charges,types of behavior,determination of sentence duration,case cycle,and whether to appeal,the following ethical issues were found essential in the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients:first,the inappropriate expansion of the criminal offense framework,highlighting the conflict between the power of state intervention and the protection of individual rights;second,the extensive and strict application of fixed-term imprisonment,highlighting the conflict between public health and individual liberty;third,the stigmatizing effect of criminal penalties,highlighting the conflict between social interests and personal burdens.Public health ethics that fits the ethical nature implied by the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients can provide value guidance and set ethical norms for the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients.In the context of public health ethics,the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients should regard social justice as the bottom-line value,while considering the justification conditions of permissibility,proportionality,and necessity to strike a proper balance between public health and individual liberty.In other word,the sentencing of cases involving major infectious disease patients,at the present stage,is deemed as a benchmark to test a cou

关 键 词：重大传染病 公共健康伦理 突发公共卫生事件 刑事处罚 社会正义 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]