1863年越南潘清简使团赴法与《西贡条约》修约问题  

The 1863 Vietnamese Mission of Phan Thanh Gian to France and the Problem of the Revision of the Treaty of Saigon

作　　者：钱盛华 Qian Shenghua

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学思勉人文高等研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第5期114-129,I0007,共17页World History

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学青年预研究项目“多国档案互证下19世纪越南对外关系的转型研究”(项目编号:2022ECNU-YYJ065)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1862年越法《西贡条约》签订后,嗣德帝不满割地条款,旋即遣使赴法谋求修约。面对西方冲击,越南自认迅速找到了条约体系的运行逻辑,试图通过签订新约来争取利益。对于越南的非常之举,法国做出了应对,在越南使团赴法旅程中不断展现自己在世界范围的实力,并对越南士大夫进行“政治教育”,以使越南融入殖民世界和接受近代外交规则。在双方的互动进程中,可以看出殖民势力内部的异质性,法国海军内部“知越派”对殖民政策存在分歧。越南潘清简使团则以法国的财政困境作为修约的突破口。但是,谈判真正开启后,越南受制于原先宗藩体系的历史经验,同情越南的“知越派”何巴理也未能在狭小的谈判窗口打开时真正有助于阮朝,而法国海军的强力反弹使得越南修约最终失败。After the signing of the Treaty of Saigon in 1862,Emperor Tu Duc was dissatisfied with the terms of the territory cession and promptly dispatched envoys to France to seek its revision.In the face of the Western impact,Vietnam that believed it had quickly found the logic of the‘treaty system'attempted to take advantage of signing a new treaty.Frace also responded by facing with this unconventional manoeuvre.It demonstrated its worldwide power during the journey of the Vietnamese mission to France and'politically educated'the Vietnamese mandarins in order to make them accept the rules of modern diplomacy and integrate Vietnam into the colonial world.Throughout this interaction between the two sides,it became evident that there was heterogeneity within the colonial policy.Phan Thanh Gian's Mission took France's financial woes as a breakthrough in negotiating the new treaty.Nevertheless,the options of Vietnam were limited by its historical experience with the previous tributary system when the negotiations actually began.Even Aubaret who was the sympathetic vietnamologist cannot truly assist the Nguyen Dynasty during the limited period of negotiations.The strong resistance of the French navy ultimately resulted in the failure of the revision of the treaty.

关 键 词：越南外交 潘清简使团 西贡条约 修约 拿破仑三世 

分 类 号：K333.4[历史地理—历史学] K565.41[历史地理—世界史] D833.3[政治法律—政治学] D856.5[政治法律—外交学]