英国政府应对马岛危机的决策及其效果  

The British Government's Decision on Dealing with the Malvinas Islands Crisis and the Corresponding Effect

作　　者：许可人 梁占军[1] Xu Keren;Liang Zhanjun

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第5期144-155,I0008,共13页World History

摘　　要：英国政府应对马岛危机的决策为英国最终取得马岛战争的胜利起到了关键作用。契合公众诉求的强硬政策为英国政府获得民众的支持奠定了基础;稳住执政地位的危机公关为英国政府推行既定的强硬政策创造了必要的政治前提;三种各具功能的新闻管制有效防止了军事信息的泄露,保障了英国军事行动的顺利展开;塑造正义形象的外交攻势则为英国后来行使“自卫权”提供了法理依据,并对英国舆论产生了消除反战声音、助长主战声音的双重影响。由于英国政府实际上奉行武力夺岛的战争政策,同时又想推卸战争责任,故它应对马岛危机的决策具有欺骗性,其效果也比较有限。The decision-making of the British government aiming at the Malvinas Islands Crisis played a crucial role for Britain eventually winning the Malvinas Islands War.The hard-line policy satisfying the public demands laid a foundation for the British government to obtain the public support.The crisis management to stabilise the governing status created the necessary political premise for the British government to implement its established hard-line policy.Three kinds of news control with different functions effectively prevented the leakage of military information and ensured that Britain conducted the military operations smoothly.The diplomatic action to build the image of justice provided the legal basis for Britain exercising the right of self-defence later and had a dual effect on the British public opinion to eliminate the anti-war voice and promote the pro-war public opinion.Since the British government actually pursued a war policy of seizing the Malvinas Islands by force and intended to shirk the war responsibility at the same time,its decision to deal with the Malvinas Islands Crisis was deceptive and had relatively limited effect.

关 键 词：撒切尔政府 马岛危机 危机公关 新闻管制 外交攻势 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学] D856.1[历史地理—世界史] D878.3[政治法律—政治学]