氮磷钾肥配施对冀北地区春大豆生长性状及产量的影响  被引量:4

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Fertilizer Combination on the Growth Traits and Yield of Spring Soybean in the Northern Hebei

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作  者:周欣 王瑞霞 陈士亮 桑利民 梁秀义 ZHOU Xin;WANG Rui-xia;CHEN Shi-liang;SANG Li-min;LIANG Xiu-yi(Crop Research Institute of Chengde Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区:[1]承德市农林科学院农作物研究所,河北承德067000

出  处:《河北农业科学》2023年第5期58-64,81,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基  金:河北省现代农业产业技术体系大豆产业创新团队建设项目(HBCT2019190405);现代种业科技创新专项(21326313D)。

摘  要:为了给承德地区大豆高产施肥提供理论依据,以亚有限结荚习性春大豆新品种承豆10号为试材,设置氮磷钾不同用量水平的田间试验,在试验地土壤速效氮含量较低、速效磷含量中等、速效钾含量丰富的条件下,研究了氮磷钾肥不同用量配施对春大豆生长性状、产量要素和产量的影响。结果表明:在相同磷钾肥(P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 120 kg/hm^(2))条件下,与不施氮肥处理相比,施用大量氮肥可显著增加大豆株高、茎粗、主茎节数、有效荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重,施氮量为120~180 kg/hm^(2)时产量明显提高,其中施氮量为180 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高;在相同氮钾肥(N 120 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 120 kg/hm^(2))条件下,与不施磷肥处理相比,适量施用磷肥可显著增加主茎节数、有效分枝数、有效荚数和单株粒数,但不同施磷量处理的大豆株高、茎粗、底荚高度、主茎节数和有效分枝数等植株形态性状差异均较小,增施磷肥均可明显提高大豆产量,其中施磷量为120 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高;在相同氮磷肥(N 120 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2))条件下,与不施钾肥处理相比,施用钾肥对大豆各生长性状和产量各要素均无显著影响,但可明显提高大豆产量,其中施钾量为120 kg/hm^(2)时有利于大豆株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数和百粒重的增大,产量最高。大豆高产的肥料最优用量组合为氮肥(N)180 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))120 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥(K_(2)O)120 kg/hm^(2),该处理下大豆产量最高,达到4712.00 kg/hm^(2),较不施肥处理增加46.6%。In order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield fertilization of soybean in Chengde,the new spring soybean variety Chengdou 10 with sub-indetermiate was used as the experimental material,and the field experiments were conducted at different levels of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.The effects of different combinations of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on the growth traits,yield factors,and yield of spring soybeans were studied under the conditions of low available nitrogen content,medium available phosphorus content,and abundant available potassium content in the experimental soil.The results showed that under the same conditions of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)and K_(2)O 120 kg/hm^(2)),compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer,applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,main stem nodes,effective pods,grain number per plant and grain weight per plant of soybean.The yield increased significantly when the nitrogen application rate was 120-180 kg/hm^(2),with the highest yield at 180 kg/hm^(2).Under the same conditions of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer(N 120 kg/hm^(2)and P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)),compared with the treatment without phosphorus fertilizer,moderate application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the number of main stem nodes,effective branches,effective pods,and single plant grains.However,the differences in plant morphological traits such as plant height,stem diameter,bottom pod height,main stem nodes,and effective branches of soybean under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments were relatively small.Increasing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly improve soybean yield,and the yield was the highest when the phosphorus application rate was 120 kg/hm^(2).Under the same nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer conditions(N 120 kg/hm^(2)and P_(2)O_(5)120 kg/hm^(2)),compared with the treatment without potassium fertilizer,the application of pot

关 键 词:氮磷钾肥 冀北地区 春大豆 生长性状 产量 

分 类 号:S565.1[农业科学—作物学]

 

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