矮牵牛初级三体创制、细胞学观察及生理特性  

Primordial trisomy creation,cytology observation,and physiological characteristics of Petunia hybrida Vilm

作　　者：贾思振[1] 叶丹 刘飞琴 吴欢乐 魏跃[1] Jia Sizhen;Ye Dan;Liu Feiqin;Wu Huane;Wei Yue(School of Agronomy and Horticulture,Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Zhenjiang 212400,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏农林职业技术学院农学园艺学院,江苏镇江212400

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2023年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏农林职业技术学院科技项目(2022kj45)。

摘　　要：[目的]初级三体是重要的遗传性研究材料,本文旨在创制矮牵牛初级三体并进行相关细胞学和生理学研究。[方法]以矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida Vilm.)品种‘梅林’白色系二倍体、三倍体为材料,从三倍体与二倍体的回交子代中采用染色体计数和核型分析方法筛选出6号和7号2个初级三体,以二倍体为对照进行农艺性状观察和花粉可育率测定,采用常规减数分裂压片法对初级三体花粉母细胞减数分裂各时期进行观察,干旱胁迫环境下测定初级三体与二倍体的叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性生理指标变化,计算平均隶属函数值进行耐干旱胁迫能力比较分析。[结果](1)与二倍体相比,初级三体植株株形较小、生长势弱,特别是6号初级三体表现最明显,7号初级三体花瓣边缘起伏变得不明显。7号初级三体的花粉不育率为16.3%,6号初级三体为41.6%,远大于二倍体8.5%花粉不育率。(2)初级三体减数分裂基本正常,符合二倍体植物减数分裂一般规律。(3)干旱胁迫处理期间,2种初级三体叶绿素降解速度大于二倍体;6号初级三体相对电导率、丙二醛含量升高最明显,7号初级三体次之、二倍体最低;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性均呈逐渐升高的趋势,其中二倍体2种酶活性增加最显著,7号初级三体次之、6号初级三体最低。通过平均隶属函数计算后得出的耐干旱胁迫排名,结果为二倍体>7号初级三体>6号初级三体。[结论]用三倍体与二倍体的回交是创制矮牵牛初级三体的有效途径,相比二倍体初级三体生长势变弱、花粉不育率增加、耐干旱胁迫能力下降,6号初级三体比7号初级三体表现更显著。[Objective]Primary trisomics is an essential genetic research materials.This study aimed to create a primary trisomics of petunia(Petunia hybrida Vilm)and conducted related cytological and physiological studies.[Methods]In this study,the white variety diploid and triploid of petunia were used as materials.Two primary trisomies,designated as No.6 and No.7,were selected from the progenies of the backcross between triploid and diploid through chromosome counting and karyotype analysis.Comparative observations of agronomic traits and determination of pollen fertility were conducted with diploid as the control.Meiosis of the primary triploid pollen mother cells was observed at different stages using conventional meiotic division compression method.Physiological indicators including chlorophyll content,cell membrane permeability,malondialdehyde content,superoxide dismutase activity,and peroxidase activity were determined under drought stress conditions for both primary triploids and diploid.The average membership function values was calculated for comparative analysis of drought tolerance.[Results]The results showed that:(1)Compared with diploid,the primary trisomy plant exhibited smaller stature and weaker growth,especially the No.6 primary trisomy displaying the most noticeable difference,and the edge undulation of the petals of the No.7 primary trisomy was not obvious.The pollen sterility rate for No.7 primary trisomy was 16.3%,while for No.6primary trisomy,it was 41.6%,far higher than the diploid's 8.5%.(2)The meiosis of primary trisomy was generally normal,following the typical pattern of diploid plant meiosis.(3)During drought stress treatment,chlorophyll degradation in both primary triploids was faster than in the diploid.the degradation rate of chlorophyll of the two primary trisomies was greater than that of diploid.No.6 primary trisomy showed the most significant increase in relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content,followed by No.7 primary trisomy,with the diploid exhibiting the lowest.Superoxide dis

关 键 词：矮牵牛 细胞学 减数分裂 花粉不育率 干旱胁迫 

分 类 号：S681.9[农业科学—观赏园艺]