玉米抗旱性研究进展  

Research progress on drought resistance of maize

作　　者：吴建忠[1] Wu Jianzhong(Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期18-25,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-B027);黑龙江省农业科学院创新跨越工程(CX23GG01);黑龙江省重点研发计划(JD22A007);黑龙江省省级学科梯队后备带头人项目;黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金。

摘　　要：干旱是玉米生产的重要影响因素之一,对植株生长和发育产生不利影响,也是世界各地玉米减产的主要原因之一,严重影响着玉米产业发展。在许多地区,农业可用水资源有限和必须提高玉米生产力以确保日益增长人口粮食需求之间的矛盾不断加剧,开发对水的依赖性较低、更耐旱的玉米品种有助于缓解这一问题。世界气候变化导致高温干旱频繁发生,因此开展玉米抗旱性研究和实施适应性策略非常必要。利用不同的遗传和育种方法,育种家正在努力开发和创制抗旱性玉米品种。将转录组、蛋白组等高通量组学技术与新型育种方法相结合,可以显著提高玉米的抗旱性。近年来,与传统育种和分子标记辅助选择策略相比,基因工程似乎是一种更快速、更有效的提高玉米抗旱性的方法,转基因和基因组编辑等方法能够快速提高玉米对干旱胁迫的耐受性。本文介绍玉米的抗旱反应,以及应用新的育种和系统生物学方法,有助于解析玉米抗旱生理基础和分子机制,为开发玉米耐旱品种、进一步提高玉米产量提供信息。Drought is one of the important factors affecting maize production,which exerts adverse effects on plant growth and development.It stands as a primary cause for reduced global maize production,significantly hampering the development of the maize industry.In many regions,the conflict between limited agricultural water resources and the necessity to increase maize productivity to meet the escalating food demands of a growing population continues to escalate.The development of maize varieties that are less water-dependent and more tolerant to drought can alleviate this challenge.Given the frequent occurrence of high temperature and drought due to global climate change,conducting research on maize drought resistance and implementing adaptive strategies is highly imperative.Breeders are employing various genetic and breeding methods to develop drought-resistant maize varieties.The combination of transcriptomics,proteomics,and other high-throughput omics techniques with new breeding methods can significantly improve drought resistance of maize.In recent years,genetic engineering appears to be a faster and more effective approach in enhancing maize's drought resistance compared to traditional breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection strategies.Techniques such as transgenic and genome editing have shown rapid enhancements in maize tolerance to drought stress.This paper presents maize's response to drought resistance and explores the application of new breeding and systems biology methods to resolve the physiological basis and molecular mechanism of maize's drought resistance,offering insights for the development of drought-tolerant varieties and further improving maize yield.

关 键 词：玉米 干旱 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]