国民政府保护华侨权益的尝试——以二战时期伊拉克海员华工案为例  

The Attempts of the National Government to Protect the Rights and Interests of Overseas Chinese——A Case Study of Chinese Seafarers Working in Iraq during World War II

作　　者：王钊 WANG Zhao(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2023年第4期57-66,共10页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：论文梳理了二战时期伊拉克海员华工的基本情况与国民政府对工潮案的处理过程。1942年5月,驻伊拉克英军招募一批滞留印度的中国海员赴伊拉克为内河运输队工作,华工到后不久却因待遇差等原因而爆发工潮。国民政府与英军展开交涉,焦点为涉事华工应否受军事法庭审判。经过协商,由中方外派军事法庭进行审判,开创了中国向他国派出法庭审判本国华侨的先河。中国法官并未使用军事法,而是以普通刑法审判华工,量刑较轻。此后,国民政府继续为改善华工工作与生活条件等问题与英军展开交涉,以保护华侨权益。伊拉克海员华工是战时海外华侨特别是华工生活的缩影,此案的处理体现了战时国民政府处理侨务的特点及境外司法审判实践的探索。In May 1942,the British Armed Forces stationed in Iraq recruited a group of Chinese seafarers stranded in India to work in the Iraqi interior for a waterway transport team.Shortly after the Chinese arrived,a strike broke out due to poor treatment.In response to it,the Nationalist Government conducted a series of negotiations with the British that focused on whether Chinese seafarers in the strike should be tried by a military court.In the end,they were sentenced to a minor penalty under the Criminal Law by a Chinese judge.Following that,the Nationalist Government continued to negotiate with the British Armed Forces to improve Chinese seafarers' living and working conditions.This specific case reveals a number of characteristics of the Chinese Government's management of overseas Chinese affairs during the wartime,in particular with regard to its practice of China's judicial system on foreign soil.The paper gives an insightful look into the case.

关 键 词：第二次世界大战 伊拉克 海员华工 军事法庭 华侨权益 

分 类 号：D634.337.7[政治法律—政治学] K265[政治法律—中外政治制度]