公元前一千纪欧亚草原东部有銎武器的演变及相关问题研究  

The Evolution of Handled Weapons in the Eastern Eurasian Steppe in the First Millennium BC and Related Issues

作　　者：戴玥 Dai Yue

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津300387

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2023年第11期45-58,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“欧亚草原东部早期游牧社会的复杂化进程研究”(项目批准号:20CKG009);天津市高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“新疆地区早期游牧遗存的调查与研究”(项目批准号:2019SK005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公元前一千纪下半叶,骑射的快速移动引发使用有銎武器进攻时回钩动作的消失,这导致援部两侧没有刃部的有銎武器一跃成为欧亚草原东部武器形制的主流。早期草原骑兵在使用该类武器时,先用弓箭将敌人射于马下,再使用有銎武器近距离啄击敌人的头部。这一战术为草原东部的游牧人群所独有,也使草原骑兵的近远程武器体系日渐成熟。骑兵一跃成为常备军种,这为此后军事化游牧国家的形成提供了保障。In the second half of the first millennium B.C.,the rapid movement of mounted archery led to the disappearance of the hooking action when attacking with an handled weapon,and therefore the handled weapon without edge on either side of its blade become the dominant weapon form in the eastern Eurasia Steppe.When early steppe cavalrymen used this type of weapon,they at first shot the enemy with bow and arrow,and then used the handled weapon to peck the enemy's head at close range.This tactic was unique to the nomadic people in the eastern part of the steppe,which also made the steppe cavalry's near-and long-range weapon system mature.Thereafter the cavalry became a standing army which provided technical support for the emergence of militarized nomadic states.

关 键 词：欧亚草原 有銎武器 武器性能 骑射战术 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K11[历史地理—历史学]