贵州省自然保护区中华蜜蜂形态及mtDNA遗传多样性  

Morphological and mtDNA diversity of Apis cerana cerana populations from Nature Reserves in Guizhou Province

作　　者：赵金玉 吴育滔 龙见坤[1,2] 陈祥盛[1,3] 常志敏[1,2,3] ZHAO Jinyu;WU Yutao;LONG Jiankun;CHEN Xiangsheng;CHANG Zhimin(Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou Province,College of Animal Science Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Development and Utilization,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学昆虫研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室贵州省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室动物科学学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学昆虫资源开发利用省级特色重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2023年第6期81-87,共7页Journal of Biology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2018]1032);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2291;黔科合支撑[2020]1Y113)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探明贵州省不同自然保护区中华蜜蜂种群形态及mtDNA遗传分化现状,为贵州省中华蜜蜂种群分化、种质资源保护与开发利用提供参考依据。采集贵州省11个代表性自然保护区中华蜜蜂样本,采用31项形态指标进行聚类分析、主成分分析、方差分析研究其形态分化现状,采用mtDNA COⅠ~COⅡ序列对其进行碱基组成分析、单倍型分析、系统发育分析等研究其种群遗传分化情况及遗传多样性程度。结果显示:11个采样点中华蜜蜂在形态上聚为2个类群;COⅠ~COⅡ序列A+T平均含量为82%,碱基偏倚性明显;在COⅠ~COⅡ序列中共检测到11个单倍型;单倍型系统发育树显示11个单倍型聚为3个类群;11个样点间平均遗传距离介于0.0070~0.0270,遗传距离和地理距离之间未发现明显相关性。结果表明贵州省自然保护区中华蜜蜂形态及mtDNA存在一定种群分化,且形态和mtDNA分化结果基本一致。其中,草海和百里杜鹃自然保护区种群分化较为明显,形态和mtDNA均存在分化;其次,宽阔水自然保护区、野钟自然保护区、青岩油杉自然保护区受外界影响也发生一定程度的种群分化,发生种群分化的原因可能与海拔和气候有关。研究结果为贵州省本土蜜蜂种质资源的保护与开发提供依据。The purpose of the paper is to investigate the morphology and mtDNA genetic differentiation of Apis cerana cerana population in different nature reserves in Guizhou province,and to provide references for honeybees population differentiation,protection,development,and utilization of germplasm resources in Guizhou province.The samples were collected from 11 representative nature reserves in Guizhou province.Thirty-one morphological indicators were used to conduct cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and variance analysis to study the morphological differentiation.Base composition analysis,haplotype analysis,and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on the mtDNA COⅠ-COⅡsequence to study the genetic differentiation and genetic diversity of the population.The results showed that the Apis cerana cerana populations from 11 sampling locations of were morphologically clustered into two groups.The average content of A+T in COⅠ-COⅡsequence was 82%showing obvious base bias.A total of 11 haplotypes were detected in the COⅠ-COⅡsequence.The haplotype phylogenetic tree showed that 11 haplotypes clustered into 3 groups.The average genetic distances among all samples ranged from 0.0070 to 0.0270,and there was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances.The populations of Apis cerana cerana in Guizhou nature reserves existed certain differentiation in morphology and mtDNA,and well similarly.Among them,the population differentiation of Caohai and Baili Rhododendron nature reserves was more obvious than that of others,in morphology and mtDNA.Secondly,Kuankuoshui nature reserve,Yezhong nature reserve,and Qingyan Keteleeria davidiana nature reserve had a certain degree of population differentiation by the external influences such as altitude and climate.The research results provided an important basis for the protection and development of the native honeybees germplasm resources in Guizhou province.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 线粒体DNA 形态指标 种群分化 

分 类 号：Q347[生物学—遗传学] S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]