族群身份建构及其政治化影响——巴基斯坦穆哈吉尔人族群化过程的启示  

The Construction of Ethnic Identity and Its Political Harm:Implication from the Ethnicization Process of the Muhajir People in Pakistan

作　　者：马秉仁 马强 MA Bing-ren;MA Qiang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学中国西部边疆研究院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第11期165-171,188,共8页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：宁夏社会主义学院2022-2023年度委托项目;陕西师范大学2023年度“一带一路”专项科研项目(23YDYLZ003)。

摘　　要：穆哈吉尔人是印巴分治后从印度北部迁徙到巴基斯坦信德省卡拉奇和海得拉巴等市操乌尔都语的印度穆斯林“难民”。该群体受过良好的文化教育,其精英曾服务于英国殖民政府。印巴分治后,穆哈吉尔人自认为是巴基斯坦的缔造者。随着巴基斯坦社会族群结构及政治化变迁,穆哈吉尔人随之成立了穆哈吉尔民族运动党,该党不断在国家和族群中争夺话语权,最终实现了从“移民群体”到“国家公民”再到“穆哈吉尔人”的族群身份建构。穆哈吉尔人的族群化过程表明,族群建构未必依赖共同血缘、共同地域、共同经济生活以及共同的民族文化特点,族群政治也能让一个历史上并非族群的流动人群萌发族群感,并以强烈的族群身份意识来争取和保持在民族国家中的权力和地位。The Muhajirs are Urdu-speaking Indian Muslim refugees who migrated from northern India to the cities of Pakistan like Karachi and Hyderabad in Sindh Province after the partition of India and Pakistan.This group has received high level of cultural education and some of the elites have served the British colonial authority.They regarded themselves as the national founders owing to the significant contributions they made to the nation-building of Pakistan after partition.With the changes in the ethnic structure and politicization of Pakistani society,Muhajir Quami Movement(MQM)was established to struggle for the discourse power both in the country and among the ethnic groups,and eventually achieved the construction of ethnic identity from migrating groups to national citizens,then to Muhajirs.The process of ethnicization of the Muhajirs has demonstrated a unique way of ethnic construction,that is,the ethnic group do not necessarily share a common bloodline,territory,economic life and ethnic cultural characteristics,ethnic politics can also enable a historically non-ethnic migrant group to develop a sense of ethnicity and to struggle for and maintain their power and status in the nation-state with a strong sense of ethnic identity.

关 键 词：印巴分治 穆哈吉尔人 穆哈吉尔民族运动 族群民族主义 

分 类 号：D735.3[政治法律—政治学]