失信联合惩戒措施设定的实践观察与立法纠偏  

The Setting of Joint Punishment Measures for Dishonesty:Practice Observation and Legislative Correction

作　　者：杨丹[1] 汪洋 YANG Dan;WANG Yang

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2023年第6期53-68,共16页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：四川大学法学院“创新2035”文明互鉴与全球治理研究计划项目“数字政府治理视阈下行政程序制度变革研究”(项目批准号:XD2035law004)。

摘　　要：失信联合惩戒是基于信用治理而产生的新型监管手段,联合惩戒措施的设定标志着失信联合惩戒制度的建立进入关键阶段。经过立法实践的探索,发端于备忘录的联合惩戒措施设定行为已经具有“高位阶法源有限设定、地方先行立法充分设定”“综合性立法设定为主、专门立法设定为辅”“行政职权+行政目标双重导向设定”等鲜明特点。但是,联合惩戒措施泛化且始终在接受正当性考问,根源在于设定权配置的制度缺失。为此,须在清晰界定联合惩戒措施之法律属性的基础上,通过设定严重失信行为与联合惩戒措施类型实现控制联合惩戒实施的目的。在法律保留原则的中国语境中建构联合惩戒措施的设定层次,尝试划分法律、行政法规、地方性法规的设定权限。Joint punishment is the new supervision measures based on credit governance,the establishment of joint punishment measures marks that the system of joint punishment has entered a key stage.At present,the joint punishment measures widely exist in laws,administrative regulations,local regulations,rules and other regulatory documents.Originated from the setting behavior of the memorandum of understanding on taking joint disciplinary actions,through the development of legislative practice,the joint punishment measures has formed distinctive characteristics including “the setting of the superordinate law is limited,and the setting of local legislation is adequate”,“the setting of comprehensive legislation is principal,and the setting of special legislation is secondary”,“administrative functions and powers-oriented and administrative target-oriented”.However,the joint punishment measures are generalizing and under suspicion in justification,which is rooted in the lack of system of setting power allocation.Therefore,on the basis of clearly defining the legal attributes of joint punishment measures,we should realize the purpose of strict enforcement of joint punishment by setting the types of dishonest acts and joint punishment measures.In addition,in the Chinese context,we should construct the setting level of joint punishment measures through applying the principle of legal reservation.We should clarify the setting powers of laws,administrative regulations and local regulations.

关 键 词：联合惩戒措施 设定权 法律保留 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]