从工程与技术的视差之见看中国芯片制造产业的发展  

Development of China's Chip Manufacturing Industry from the Perspective of Parallax of Engineering and Technology

作　　者：程鹏 谭浩 Cheng Peng;Tan Hao(School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Shenzhen International Quantum Academy,Shenzhen 518048,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [2]深圳国际量子研究院,广东深圳518048

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第18期1-7,共7页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“深入推进科技体制改革与完善国家治理体系研究”(21ZD017)。

摘　　要：突破中国半导体产业面临的限制与封锁,不仅是一个技术性突破的问题,更关系到这一技术背后的科技产业发展问题,需要关注到该产业的工程与技术之间的内在联系。为此,梳理芯片制造产业的特点与发展规律,总结归纳芯片制造的技术内涵,并从整个芯片制造工序出发,以光刻和刻蚀技术难点为例进行分析,基于哲学维度揭示半导体产业的技术与工程之间的差异和协同关系。研究指出,技术方法与工程方法是一种辩证的关系,既相互区别又互相联系,在芯片产业发展中更是表现出相互依存、相互促进的特征;虽然产业工程和技术探索的内容范畴趋同,然而同一内容的不同方面比重不同,两者在执行过程中有着本质区别,最终也会体现在一系列政策考量;技术追求先进性,而工程更多地去追求适用性,因此在工程创新过程中具体选用哪种技术需考虑文化、法律、生态、伦理等因素。据此,要推动中国芯片产业转型升级,需注重产业相关技术创新和工程实践的统筹发展,推动科研院所和产业界的深度融合。Breaking through the restrictions and blockades faced by China's semiconductor industry is not only a technical breakthrough,but also related to the development of the science and technology industry behind this technology.It is necessary to pay attention to the internal relationship between engineering and technology in this industry.Therefore,the characteristics and development laws of the chip manufacturing industry are combed,and the technical connotation of chip manufacturing is summarized.Starting from the whole chip manufacturing process,the technical difficulties of lithography and etching are analyzed as examples,and the differences and synergies between technology and engineering in the semiconductor industry are revealed based on philosophical dimensions.The research points out that technical methods and engineering methods are dialectical,which are different from each other and interrelated,and show the characteristics of interdependence and mutual promotion in the development of the chip industry;although the content categories of industrial engineering and technology exploration are the same,the proportion of different aspects of the same content is different,and they are essentially different in the implementation process,which will eventually be reflected in a series of policy considerations;and technology pursues advancement,while engineering pursues applicability more.Therefore,culture,law,ecology,ethics and other factors should be considered in the specific selection of technology in the process of engineering innovation.In view of the above,in order to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's chip industry,it is necessary to pay attention to the overall development of industry-related technological innovation and engineering practice,and promote the deep integration of scientific research institutes and industries.

关 键 词：芯片制造 半导体产业 技术与工程 技术创新 工程实践 科技哲学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] G301[文化科学]