大数据视角下技术机会分析研究综述  

A Literature Review of Technology Opportunity Analysis from the Perspective of Big Data

作　　者：李姝影[1] 胡正银[1] 隗玲[2] 刘春江[1] 方曙[1] Li Shuying;Hu Zhengyin;Wei Ling;Liu Chunjiang;Fang Shu(Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610044,China;School of Information,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030092,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都文献情报中心,四川成都610044 [2]山西财经大学信息学院,山西太原030092

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第18期25-35,共11页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“专利技术风险识别与技术创新路径预测方法研究”(19BTQ088)。

摘　　要：为减少技术机会分析所需的时间和成本,更快地探索与发现技术机会以支撑相关战略规划,全面系统总结分析大数据视角下技术机会的内涵、热点应用场景和分析方法,基于Web of Science、中国知网中文期刊数据库获取相关中英文文献392篇,根据文献质量评估标准,通过略读、筛选、精读、补充重要文献等步骤,深度解析精选论文内容,梳理研究热点、空白与前沿。结果发现,技术机会发现与识别方法正在借助大数据分析形成一套系统、规范化的研究范式。研究对象上,专利技术创新机会不再局限于热点、空白点、孤立点、离群点等单一界定方式,其知识表示方法在融入技术创新需求中逐步完善与拓展;数据源来上,多源异构数据提供动态、实时、多元化研究视角,应用场景从回顾性的趋势监测转向未来需求的技术预测与风险评估,但支撑产业和企业实际需求的研究仍较少;分析方法上,组合运用文献计量、社会网络分析与大数据分析,方法创新由单一特征的同质网络向融合特征的异构网络发展,所挖掘的技术细粒度越来越高。最后针对目前研究存在的主要问题,提出充分利用多源信息的多维性和功能的多元化,在综合应用各类方法提高定量分析效度的基础上,面向问题与需求开发“规则+统计+知识库+交互”大数据智能创新工具,结合专家专业知识完善技术机会对象特征、性能指标,从而更深入地揭示技术机会细节,更好地支撑企业、国家的科技战略规划。To reduce the time and cost required to analyze technology opportunities and enable more rapid exploration and discovery of technology opportunities to support relevant strategic planning,from the perspective of big data,this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes and analyzes the connotation,application scenarios,and analysis methods of technology opportunities,based on Web of Science(WoS),CNKI Chinese journal database,a total of 392 relevant Chinese and English articles are thoroughly analyzed through a process of skimming,screening,intensive reading,and supplementation to analyze content of selected articles,and to identify research focuses,gaps,and limitations according to literature quality evaluation criteria.It is found that the methods of discovering and identifying technology opportunities are forming a series of systematic and standardized research paradigm by using big data analysis.On the research object,patent technology innovation opportunities are no longer limited to hot spots,blank spots,isolated spots,outliers and other,its method of representing knowledge is gradually improved and expanded to integrate technological innovation needs.Regarding data source,multi-source heterogeneous data provides dynamic,real-time,diversified research perspectives,the application scenario has shifted from retrospective trend monitoring to technology forecasting and risk assessment of future needs,but the research in support of the actual needs of industries and enterprises is still relatively small.In terms of analysis methods,bibliometrics,social network analysis,and big data analysis are combined,and methodological innovation evolves from homogeneous single-function networks to heterogeneous fusion-function networks,and the technical granularity mined becomes increasingly higher.Finally,it is proposed to fully utilize the multidimensionality of multi-source information and the diversification of functions for the main problems in current research,based on the extensive application of various method

关 键 词：专利技术 技术机会分析 技术机会发现 机器学习 数据分析 大数据 技术创新 

分 类 号：G306.0[文化科学] G301