《裘力斯·恺撒》中的疾病、忧郁与“政治身体”焦虑  

Disease,Melancholy,and Body Politic Anxiety in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar

作　　者：陶久胜 TAO Jiu-sheng

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外国语学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2023年第6期36-44,155,共10页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新航路开辟时期英国文学的贸易帝国建构研究”(21AWW008);国家社会科学基金重大项目“英国文学经济思想史”(22&ZD289)。

摘　　要：为应对国内外复杂的政治形势,伊丽莎白政府逐渐走向帝制模式,君主权力严重威胁到议会民主与国民自由,詹姆士一世提出君权神授理论为专制统治辩护,英格兰王国处于疾病状态,反叛暴政似乎成为治疗国王政治身体的药方。《裘力斯·恺撒》中布鲁特斯身患忧郁,他的病情随着弑君后政治身体的动态变化和对政治身体的时间性与修辞性内涵不理解而恶化,忧郁取得作为政治身体疗方抑或作为国家新疾之含混内涵。该剧让罗马共和国衰退、帝制兴起时期喻指王权逐渐强化的16、17世纪英格兰社会,通过对罗马政治身体危机与忧郁书写,表达了帝制化时期的英格兰对王权愈加神圣化与专制化的焦虑。To cope with the dangerous political conditions both home and abroad,Elizabethan government was on the way to an imperialized mode,with increasingly strengthened kinship threatening parliamentary democracy and citizens'freedom.James I proposed divine right of kings to argue for absolute monarchy,England therefore being in the state of sickness,and rebelling against tyranny seemed to be medicine to cure the king's body politic.In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by Shakespeare,Brutus'melancholy deteriorated both for the dynamic change in body politic after murdering the king and for incomprehension of temporality and rhetoric of body politic.Consequently,the melancholy starting with rebellion against tyranny obtained an ambiguous meaning of being as a medicine or as a disease.This play associated Roman age of republic declining and empire rising with the 16th and 17th centuries England when kingship was increasingly intensified,conveying an anxiety towards the more divine and absolute kinship in the era of English imperialization through the narrative of Roman body politic crisis and the melancholy。

关 键 词：莎士比亚 裘力斯·恺撒 帝制 疾病 忧郁 政治身体 

分 类 号：I561.073[文学—其他各国文学]