我国不同冰雪项目优秀运动员家庭社会因素的特征  

Characteristics of Family and Socioeconomic Factors of Chinese Elite Winter Sports Athletes Across Different Disciplines

作　　者：李娟[1] 田慧[1] 亓顺红 王敏[1] 田野[2] LI Juan;TIAN Hui;QI Shunhong;WANG Min;TIAN Ye(School of International Sport Organizations,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Physical Education,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学国际体育组织学院,北京100084 [2]深圳大学体育学院,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2023年第12期83-96,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：国家体育总局冬季运动管理中心科技服务项目(2020939)。

摘　　要：采用问卷和实地访谈方法,调查我国备战北京2022年冬奥会国家集训队15个冬季运动项目的431名优秀冰雪运动员家庭社会经济状况(SES)、父母体育背景和父母支持程度特征。发现,运动员SES分值范围为-2.09~2.66,冰上项目运动员SES得分(0.40)显著高于雪上项目运动员(-0.16)(P<0.01),不同项目运动员SES得分存在显著差异(F=5.56,P<0.01,η^(2)p=0.158);9.98%的运动员父母曾经是冰雪项目运动员或其他项目专业运动员,6.96%的运动员父母职业与体育相关,冰上项目运动员父母体育背景较雪上项目运动员更为明显;运动员父母支持程度得分较高(M=16.20),冰上项目运动员父母支持程度平均得分(18.17)显著高于雪上项目运动员(15.44)(P<0.01)。提示:家庭社会因素特征整体呈现“冰高雪低”的特点,且不同项目之间差异显著;我国冰雪运动后备人才选材与训练应充分考虑SES等家庭社会因素的影响。431 Chinese elite winter sports athletes from 15 disciplines on the national teams of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games were studied via questionnaires and on-site interviews in terms of their characteristics in socioeconomic status(SES),parents'sports background and their support levels.It was found that the scores of the athletes'SES ranged from−2.09 to 2.66.The ice sports athletes reported significantly higher scores in SES(0.40)than the snow sports athletes(−0.16)(P<0.01).Significant differences were observed in SES across the disciplines(F=5.56,P<0.01,η^(2)p=0.158).9.98%athletes'parents had once been winter sports athletes or the athletes of other sports,and 6.96%athletes'parents worked in sport-related fields.The ice sports athletes'parents had stronger sports background than those of snow sports athletes.The athletes'parents had a relatively high score in family support degrees(16.20),with the parents of ice sports athletes(18.17)reporting higher scores than snow sport athletes(15.44).The results indicated that family and socioeconomic factors showed the overall characteristics of"higher in ice sport than snow sport"and great discrepancies across the disciplines.Therefore,SES and related family social factors should be taken into full consideration when selecting and training the winter sports reserve talents in China.

关 键 词：优秀运动员 冰雪运动项目 家庭社会经济状况 成才因素 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]