某电机制造企业噪声作业工人的护听器防护效果验证研究  

Research on the protective effect of hearing protective device for workers exposed to noise in a motor manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：钟喜 傅绍杰 朱嘉伟 李想 石彬 苏世标[1] Zhong Xi;Fu Shaojie;Zhu Jiawei;Li Xiang;Shi Bin;Su Shibiao(Institute of Occupational Health Assessment,Guangdong Province Hospital for Occuaptional Diseasse Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院职业卫生评价所,广州510300 [2]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广州510515

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第11期814-818,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(202103000012);国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160010);广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069);中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所标准研制项目(20210401)。

摘　　要：目的:了解某电机制造企业的噪声危害现状,探讨工人佩戴护听器的防护效果及其可能影响因素。方法:于2021年11月,选择某市某电机制造企业的佩戴护听器的噪声作业工人为研究对象,共179人。测量工人佩戴护听器的个人声衰减值(PAR);分析不同基本人口学信息、噪声接触情况、护听器使用情况分组下的基线PAR变化,评估干预措施的效果。基线PAR的比较采用非参数检验。结果:179名工人来自4个工种35个岗位,岗位噪声超标率为51.2%(42/82),其中电机设备调试工接触噪声强度最高[94.4 dB(A)]。比较不同特征的基线PAR发现,男性、每日接噪时间<8 h、使用护听器10~14年,以及认为护听器佩戴舒适的工人基线PAR均较高,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05);基线PAR通过率为43.0%(77/179),102名未通过基线测试工人在接受干预措施后,PAR由干预前的0(0,3)dB提高至干预后的14(12,16)dB,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:该电机制造企业噪声危害严重,而工人佩戴护听器的防护效果不佳,性别、每日接噪时间、护听器使用年数和护听器使用的舒适性是防护效果不佳的可能影响因素。ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of noise hazard in a motor manufacturing enterprise,and to explore the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective device and its possible influencing factors.MethodsIn November 2021,a total of 179 noise workers wearing hearing protective devices in a motor manufacturing company in a city were selected as research objects.Personal attenuation rating(PAR)of workers wearing hearing protective devices was measured.Baseline PAR was analyzed for different subgroups of basic demographic information,noise exposure,and the use of hearing protective devices to evaluate the effect of the intervention.Baseline PAR was compared using nonparametric tests.ResultsThere were 179 workers from 35 positions in 4 types of work,and the over-standard noise rate was 51.2%(42/82),among which the noise exposure intensity of motor equipment debugging workers was the highest[94.4 dB(A)].Compared the baseline PAR of different characteristics,it was found that the baseline PAR of male workers,workers whose daily noise exposure time were<8 h,workers who had used the hearing protective devices for 10 to 14 years,and workers who thought the hearing protective devices were comfortable were all higher,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Baseline PAR passing rate was 43.0%(77/179),and PAR of 102 workers who did not pass baseline test increased from 0(0,3)dB before intervention to 14(12,16)dB after intervention,with statistical significance(P<0.05).ConclusionThe noise hazard in this motor manufacturing enterprise is serious,and the protective effect of workers wearing hearing protective devices is not good.Gender,daily noise exposure time,years and comfort of wearing hearing protective device are the possible influencing factors of poor protective effect.

关 键 词：噪声 护听器 防护效果 个体声衰减值 适合性检验 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]