2020年桂林市非金属矿物制品业水泥尘检测结果分析  

Analysis on cement dust detection results of nonmetallic mineral products industry in Guilin City in 2020

作　　者：常勇[1] 唐尹勤 周清喜 杨丽[1] 宾晓燕 CHANG Yong;TANG Yinqin;ZHOU Qingxi;YANG Li;BIN Xiaoyan(Physical Examination Department,Guilin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guilin Guangxi,541001,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林市疾病预防控制中心体检科,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第20期2761-2764,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200151)。

摘　　要：目的 了解桂林市非金属矿物制品业水泥尘浓度,为预防水泥尘肺提供依据。方法 随机调查桂林市29家非金属矿物制品业产生水泥尘的企业,通过职业卫生现场调查对桂林市非金属矿物制品业产生水泥尘的场所、岗位进行识别,按照国家职业卫生标准进行现场采样及检测。结果 2020年桂林市29家非金属矿物制品业存在水泥尘的企业,小型企业粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量范围为0.79%~7.85%,微型企业粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量范围为1.47%~5.96%。小型企业工作场所检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率分别为46.51%和51.16%;微型企业工作场所检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率分别为29.73%和29.73%。小型企业工作岗位检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率为31.67%和53.33%;微型企业工作岗位检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率分别为12.50%和32.50%。不同规模企业工作场所检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.36、3.77,均P>0.05),不同规模企业工作岗位检测总尘、呼尘浓度超标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.83、4.21,均P<0.05)。检测水泥尘作业点粉尘时间加权平均浓度(concentration-time weighted average,CTWA)的4种岗位中,配料作业点总尘CTWA超标率均最高为85.71%;配料作业点呼尘CTWA超标率均最高为64.29%。不同作业点总尘、呼尘检测结果超标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.22、7.83,均P<0.05);检测水泥尘作业岗位粉尘CTWA的4种岗位中,水泥粉磨作业岗位总尘CTWA超标率均最高为42.11%;配料作业岗位呼尘CTWA超标率均最高为75.00%。不同作业岗位总尘、呼尘检测结果超标率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.26、1.28,均P>0.05)。结论 非金属矿物制品类行业水泥尘的工作场所、岗位存在水泥尘浓度超标现象,一定程度上易引起劳动者发生水泥尘肺。相关职能部门应加强职业卫生监督,加大职业卫生监管执法力度,进一步Objective To understand the concentration of cement dust in nonmetallic mineral products industry in Guilin City,provide basis for the prevention of cement pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 29 enterprises that produce cement dust in the non-metallic mineral products industry in Guilin City were randomly investigated. The places and positions that produce cement dust in the non-metallic mineral products industry in Guilin City were identified through the field investigation of occupational health,andon-site sampling and testing were conducted according to the national occupational health standards. Results In 2020,there were 29 enterprises with cement dust in the non-metallic mineral products industry in Guilin City. The content of free silica in dust of small enterprises was 0.79%-7.85%,and that of micro-enterprises was 1.47%-5.96%.The exceedance rates of total dust and respirable dust concentration in workplaces of small enterprises were 46.51% and 51.16%,respectively. The exceedance rate of total dust and respirable dust concentration in the workplace of micro enterprises were 29.73% and 29.73%,respectively.The exceedance rates of total dust and respirable dust concentration in positions of small enterprises were 31.67% and 53.33%,respectively. The exceedance rates of total dust and respirable dust concentration in positions of micro enterprises were 12.50%and 32.50%,respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates of total dust and respirable dust concentration in workplaces among different scale enterprises(χ^(2)=2.36,3.77,both P>0.05),there were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates of total dust and respirable dust concentration in positions among different scale enterprises(χ^(2)=4.83,4.21,both P<0.05).In the four positions of cement dust working sites detecting dust concentration-time weighted average(CTWA),the exceedance rate of total dust CTWAin batching operation point was the highest at 85.71%,and the exceedance rate of respirable dus

关 键 词：非金属矿物制品业 水泥粉尘 游离二氧化硅 粉尘检测 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]