天津市制造业职业紧张状况与健康影响分析  

Analysis on occupational stress and health impact of manufacturing industry in Tianjin

作　　者：刘义涛[1] 封琳敏[1] 邢维奕[1] 刘静[1] LIU Yitao;FENG Linmin;XING Weiyi;LIU Jing(Institute for Occupational Health,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin,300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心职业健康研究所,天津300011

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第20期2765-2768,2773,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)。

摘　　要：目的 了解天津市制造业职业紧张状况现状,分析职业紧张对健康的影响。方法 采用多阶段抽样方法,于2020年8—11月选取天津市11家制造业企业的1 566名作业工人为调查对象,通过问卷调查,了解职业紧张状况以及对健康的影响,并对数据进行分析。结果 工作付出-回报失衡(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)模式高职业紧张检出率为25.0%,疑似职业倦怠检出率为40.8%,职业倦怠检出率为5.7%,抑郁症状者检出率为19.9%;ERI指数与职业倦怠得分、抑郁症状得分均呈正相关(r=0.465、0.505,均P<0.05);职业紧张对抑郁症状有预测作用,对抑郁症状变化解释量分别为27.5%和17.4%(P<0.05)。结论 天津市制造业职业紧张状况不容乐观,职业倦怠在职业紧张导致的抑郁症状中起中介作用。Objective To understand the current situation of occupational stress in the manufacturing industry in Tianjin,explore the impact of occupational stress on health. Methods Using the multi-stage sampling method,1 566 workers from 11 manufacturing enterprises in Tianjin were selected as the research objects from August to November in 2020. The questionnaire investigation was used to learned about occupational stress status and its impact on health,and the data were analyzed. Results The detection rate of high occupational stress in the effort-reward imbalance(ERI) model was 25.0%,the detection rate of suspected occupational burnout was 40.8%,the detection rate of occupational burnout was 5.7%,and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 19.9%. The ERI index was positively correlated with occupational burnout score and depression symptom score(r=0.465,0.505,both P<0.05). The occupational stress had a predictive effect on depression symptoms,and explained 27.5% and 17.4% of depressive symptoms respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion The occupational stress in manufacturing industry in Tianjin is not optimistic,and occupational burnout plays a mediating role in the depressive symptoms caused by occupational stress.

关 键 词：制造业 职业紧张 职业倦怠 抑郁症状 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]