新冠常态下功能性口罩研究进展  

Research Progress of Functional Masks Amid the Normalization of the COVID-19 Pandemic

作　　者：陈淑敏 吕子全[2] 邹旋 桂水清[3] 卢雪梅[1,2] CHEN Shu-Min;LYU Zi-Quan;ZOU Xuan;GUI Shui-Qing;LU Xue-Mei(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances,School of Basic Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen 518055,China;Intensive Care Unit,Shenzhen Second People′s Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518031,China)

机构地区：[1]广东药科大学基础医学院,广东省生物活性药物研究重点实验室,广州510006 [2]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,深圳518055 [3]深圳市第二人民医院,深圳大学第一附属医院中心ICU,深圳518031

出　　处：《应用化学》2023年第11期1504-1517,共14页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.32070509,31501894,82372161);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(No.2021A1515220119);深圳市科技计划(Nos.JSGG20220606141800001,JCYJ20220530150412027);深圳市医疗卫生三名工程(No.SZSM202011008);深圳市医学重点学科(No.SZXK066);广东省高水平临床重点专科(No.SZGSP006)资助。

摘　　要：新冠疫情常态化下,戴口罩已广泛成为预防呼吸道疾病的有效手段。人们对口罩的需求不仅是用于过滤含有微生物气溶胶,而且能满足抗菌、抗病毒、自我清洁及检测等更多的需求。具有抗菌、抗病毒功能的口罩可以有效杀灭截留在口罩过滤层中的病原体,减少污染源和感染源;具有自我清洁功能的口罩能实现口罩的循环利用,缓解环境污染及资源浪费;具有自我检测功能的口罩能实现可视化检测病原体,解决常规采样给人们带来的不适感。各种功能修饰改善了口罩的性能,如金属纳米颗粒和草药提取物用于灭活病原体;碳基纳米粒子赋予口罩光热效应和超疏水特性,可显著延长口罩寿命;金属纳米粒子利用其荧光猝灭或增强用于病原体检测。本文综述了近3年随着材料科学的进步,功能性口罩的研发以及功能化方面的最新进展。Wearing masks has been widely recommended as a way to prevent respiratory diseases amid the normalization of the COVID-19 pandemic.There is a demand for masks that goes beyond simply being filters for aerosols containing microbes,and it can fulfill more needs such as antimicrobial,antiviral,self-cleaning and detection.Masks with antibacterial and antiviral functions can effectively kill pathogens trapped in the filter layer of masks and reduce sources of pollution and infection.Masks with self-cleaning function can realize the recycling of masks,alleviate environmental pollution and resource waste.Masks with self-detection function can realize instant visual detection of pathogens and solve the discomfort caused by routine sampling.Various functional modifications improve the mask's performance,such as metal nanoparticles and herbal extracts to inactivate pathogens.Carbon-based nanoparticles make masks photothermal and superhydrophobic to prolong the life of masks.Metal nanoparticles can be used for pathogen detection by quenching or enhancing their fluorescence.This paper reviews the recent progress in the development and functionalization of functional masks with the advancement of material science in the last three years and the development direction of multifunctional masks is forecasted.

关 键 词：功能性口罩 2019冠状病毒 抗菌抗病毒 自我清洁 自我检测 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学]