电动无人机低频电磁干扰特性试验与分析  

Experiment and analysis of low frequency electromagnetic interference characteristics of an electric-powered UAV

作　　者：葛佳昊 刘莉[1] 曹潇 杨盾 范铮铮 白文灿 罗野 Ge Jiahao;Liu Li;Cao Xiao;Yang Dun;Fan Zhengzheng;Bai Wencan;Luo Ye(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《战术导弹技术》2023年第5期19-31,163,共14页Tactical Missile Technology

摘　　要：电动无人机的低频电磁干扰(Electromagnetic Interference,EMI)对通信和导航安全构成威胁,对电动无人机低频EMI进行试验建模是必要的。以一架包含了多种飞行模式的倾转三旋翼无人机作为试验平台,对产生EMI的设备溯源并分类为恒定功率设备和变功率设备。根据地面试验有限高精度数据,重构各机载电子设备和全机的中低精度EMI分布模型。飞行试验以磁罗盘为磁敏感测点,对EMI进行机理与试验混合建模,并分析EMI波动原因。从总体设计角度给出电动无人机降磁的设计和应用建议。结果表明,电机永磁体和总线电流的电磁感应是全机EMI产生的原因,且EMI与无人机轨迹耦合。研究方法和结果为不同类型电动无人机低频EMI溯源和特性分析提供了试验依据,可用于改善电动无人机电磁环境。Low-frequency electromagnetic interference(EMI) of electric-powered UAVs poses a threat to communication and navigation safety. It is necessary to test and model the low-frequency EMI. Taking a tiltrotor UAV with multiple flight modes as the test platform, the EMI generating equipment is traced and classified as constant power equipment and variable power equipment. Based on the limited high-precision data of the ground test, the medium-low accuracy EMI distribution model of each airborne electronic equipment and the whole UAV is reconstructed. In the flight tests, the magnetometer is used as the only magnetically sensitive device. The EMI is hybrid modeled by mechanism analysis and tests. The reason for EMI fluctuation is also analyzed. Some EMI reduction suggestions for design and application for electric powered UAVs are given from the perspective of the overall design. The results show that the electromagnetic induction of motor permanent magnet and bus current is the cause of EMI of the whole UAV, and EMI is coupled with the trajectory of the UAV. The research methods and results provide experimental basis for the low-frequency EMI traceability and characteristic analysis of different types of electric UAVs, and can be used to improve the electromagnetic environment of electric-powered UAVs.

关 键 词：电动无人机 电磁干扰 飞行试验 混合建模 降磁方法 

分 类 号：V24[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]