机会不平等如何影响农民工工资性收入不平等?  

How Does Inequality of Opportunity Affect Wage Inequality of Migrant Workers?

作　　者：张琛 张郁杨 马彪 郭军 Zhang Chen;Zhang Yuyang;Ma Biao;Guo Jun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所 [2]青岛大学经济学院 [3]首都经济贸易大学金融学院 [4]农业农村部农村经济研究中心

出　　处：《财政研究》2023年第8期114-128,F0003,共16页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“机会不平等对农民工社会融入的影响及作用机理研究”(72203232);国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国人口转变的独特性、经济影响及政策研究”(72141310);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“数字普惠金融对收入机会不平等的消弭效应研究”(23YJC790195)

摘　　要：本文采用2003-2017年全国农村固定观察点微观个体数据,分析了机会不平等对农民工工资性收入不平等的影响,并基于Shapley值分解模型探究了各类环境因素在农民工机会不平等中的贡献度。研究结论表明:机会不平等在农民工工资性收入不平等中的占比平均约为35.70%,且存在较为明显的下降趋势;区域是机会不平等最重要的环境因素,家庭背景对机会不平等的贡献度明显下降,而性别的影响却在逐步增强。基于“偏环境效应”的机制分析表明,近年来以教育为代表的人力资本配置公平性的提升大大缓解了农民工工资性收入分配中的机会不平等。农民工就业区域的机会不平等虽然减弱,但就业行业的机会不平等在不同出生组别农民工群体间仍然明显,农民工平等就业仍有待进一步加强。因此,要充分发挥财政政策在推动社会收入分配公平的调节功能,推进教育公平、就业公平和性别平等。This paper empirically tests the effect and mechanism between inequality of opportunity and wage inequality of migrant workers by using the individual level microdata of National Fixed-site Rural Survey(NFRS)from 2003 to 2017,and decomposes the contribution of various circumstance factors by using Shapley methods.The study finds that,inequality of opportunity accounts for an average of 35.70%of the wage inequality of migrant workers and shows a downward trend.Region is the most important circumstance factor of inequality of opportunity,and the contribution of family background to inequality of opportunity has obviously decreased while the impact of gender is gradually increasing.Indirect mechanism of inequality of opportunity shows that the improvement of the fairness of human capital allocation represented by education in recent years has greatly alleviated the inequality of opportunity of migrant workers,and the inequality of opportunity in migrant workers'employment areas has weakened,while the inequality of opportunity in migrant workers'employment industries is still significant in different groups,and the equality of migrant workers'employment still needs to be further strengthened.Therefore,it is necessary to give full play to the regulatory function of fiscal policies in promoting social income distribution fairness,promoting education fairness,employment fairness,and gender equality.

关 键 词：机会不平等 收入分配 农民工 就业 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]