景观多样性与异质性视角的传统村落建筑景观破碎化测度  

Measuring the fragmentation of traditional village architectural landscape from the perspective of landscape diversity and heterogeneity

作　　者：曾灿 刘沛林 黄柳倩 Zeng Can;Liu Peilin;Huang Liuqian(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,Hunan,China;Institute of Rural Revitalization,Changsha University,Changsha 410022,Hunan,China;UNESCO International Centre for HIST Changsha Workstation,Changsha 410022,Hunan,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510090,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]长沙学院乡村振兴研究院,湖南长沙410022 [3]联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心长沙工作站,湖南长沙410022 [4]广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院,广东广州510090

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第11期1973-1982,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071195);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20230464)资助。

摘　　要：用景观生态学的理论和方法,以文化景观为对象,在厘清建筑景观破碎化内涵的基础上,构建传统村落建筑景观破碎化测度指标体系。并以湘西土家族苗族自治州18个中国传统村落为例,测度建筑景观自身属性的破碎化特征。结果表明:①从景观多样性来看,各维度景观类型丰富,且相对均匀度指数较高,存在明显或严重破碎化;②从景观异质性来看,建筑质量、高度、风貌等维度景观异质性指数低;建筑年代景观异质性指数高,时间维度上因异质景观造成的景观破碎程度重。③景观类型破碎化程度的高低可揭示传统村落景观特征与区域现代化进程,轻度破碎标志景观类型的完整性与均质性,同时也体现落后的经济发展水平;高度破碎化则体现快速经济发展导致景观类型完整性与均质性的高度破坏。With the rapid industrialization and urbanization,traditional villages have suffered certain impacts in terms of their protection and development.Environmental impacts,the tendency to replace older buildings,informal constructions,infrastructure-related construction,and commercial developments have threatened tra-ditional villages,causing the fracturing and fragmentation of the traditional village architectural landscapes.This scenario poses a grave threat to the protection,transmission,and effective use of these uniquely Chinese,vernacular,and cultural genes.Borrowing from the theory and method of natural ecological fragmentation re-search in landscape ecology,we took the cultural landscape as the research object,considering the building as a landscape patch,and constructed a measurement system for architectural landscape fragmentation in traditional villages.The results show that:1)Architectural landscape fragmentation is the variation and damage in space or time of architectural landscape types,combinations and attributes,and there are"self-damaging fragmenta-tion"and"heterogeneous fragmentation".2)From the perspective of landscape diversity,the study area is rich in landscape types in all dimensions,and the relative evenness index is high,with evident or severe fragmenta-tion.3)From the perspective of landscape heterogeneity,the index of landscape heterogeneity in the dimen-sions of building quality,height,and landscape appearance in the study area is low,with light levels of land-scape fragmentation caused by heterogeneous landscapes in the above dimensions.The index of landscape het-erogeneity in building age is high,and landscape fragmentation caused by heterogeneous landscapes in the time dimension is also high.Generally speaking,except for architectural age,landscape fragmentation arising from heterogeneous landscapes is not conducive to the continuity and protection of traditional landscapes.4)The de-gree of fragmentation of landscape types can reveal the architectural landscape characteristics of tradi

关 键 词：传统村落建筑景观 自损性破碎 异损性破碎 景观多样性 景观异质性 湘西土家族苗族自治州 

分 类 号：G07[文化科学]