成都市景观格局对大气污染物影响研究  

Effects of landscape pattern on air pollutants in Chengdu City

作　　者：杨睿 史丰鸣 石松林 别小娟[1,2] 曾英 甘慧[1] 周蕴涵 宰巍民 Yang Rui;Shi Fengming;Shi Songlin;Bie Xiaojuan;Zeng Ying;Gan Hui;Zhou Yunhan;Zai Weimin(College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope/Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院,四川成都610059 [2]青藏高原及其东缘人文地理研究中心/成都理工大学,四川成都610059

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第11期2033-2044,共12页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：成都理工大学中青年骨干教师发展资助计划(202165);国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110616030)资助。

摘　　要：本文以成都市中心城区为研究区域,探究成都市景观格局与大气污染物之间的尺度效应与相互关系。结果表明:①2015—2021年成都市大气污染物质量浓度显著下降,各污染物质量浓度存在明显的空间分异和季节差异,CO、NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)生长季污染物质量浓度高于非生长季,O_(3)生长季污染物质量浓度低于非生长季;NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)分布热点主要位于城市中心,而CO、O_(3)、SO_(2)分布热点向郊区偏移。②成都市的主要景观斑块类型为林地、耕地和建设用地,林地呈外环聚集,城市中心分散的分布格局,耕地主要分布在绕城高速外围,建设用地斑块聚集化明显,连接程度高,呈现出由城市中心向外密度逐渐降低的分布特征。③景观格局对大气污染物的影响具有尺度效应,其最佳尺度受到大气污染物扩散能力的影响。城市中各类型斑块对大气污染物影响复杂,具有选择性、方向性、差异性,景观指数中斑块面积比例(PLAND)、优势斑块(LPI)、分布密度(PD)、连接聚集程度(AI)和斑块形状(LSI)在生长季对PM_(10)和CO影响显著,但对NO_(2)、O_(3)无明显影响;在非生长季对CO和O_(3)影响显著,但对PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)无明显影响。In this study,we explored the scale effect and correlations between landscape patterns and air pol-lutants in the central urban areas of Chengdu City.Firstly,our results revealed that the mass concentration of air pollutants had decreased in Chengdu from 2015 to 2021,and showed differences in the spatial distribution and seasonal characteristics.In the growing season,mass pollutants concentrations of CO,NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and SO_(2) were significantly higher in comparison to the non-growing season,but O_(3) demonstrated the opposite trend.In terms of spatial distribution,the hotspots of NO_(2),PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) distribution were mainly concen-trated in urban centers,while the hotspots of CO,O_(3) and SO_(2) tended to shift towards the suburbs.Secondly,the primary types of landscape patches included woodland,cropland and built-up in Chengdu.Woodland patches were clustered around the outside ring expressway and scattered throughout the city center,while cropland patches were mainly located in the periphery of the expressway surrounding the city.The density of built-up patches gradually decreased from the city center outward and had high degrees of connection and obvious patch aggregation.Finally,the influence of landscape patterns on air pollutants exhibited scale effect,and the optimal scale was influenced by the diffusion ability of air pollutants.Each type of landscape patch in the city had a complex impact on air pollutants,with selectivity,directionality and variability.During the growing sea-son,the landscape indices including the percentage of landscape(PLAND),largest patch index(LPI),patch density(PD),aggregation index(AI)and landscape shape index(LSI)had significant effects on PM_(10) and CO,but had no significant influence on NO_(2) and O_(3).Conversely,in the non-growing season,these indices signific-antly impacted CO and O_(3),but had little effect on the particulate matter such as PM_(2.5) and PM_(10).

关 键 词：大气污染物 景观格局 尺度效应 耦合关系 格局−过程 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]