西方国家对外政策的“价值观化”与“去价值观”  

The Shift of Values in Western Countries'Foreign Policy

作　　者：李远[1] Li Yuan

机构地区：[1]山东大学国际问题研究院,威海264209

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2023年第6期90-107,I0004,共19页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘一带一路’规则软联通的评价指标体系研究”(编号:21BGJ028)。

摘　　要：价值观和对外政策之间变化不定的相关性,是西方国际关系实践中充满争议的现象。从广义的价值观理解来看,西方国家价值观对外政策的本质是意识形态扩张,而非传播中性理念。通过构建以战略利益、价值偏好为主要解释变量的分析框架,并提出基于“字典序偏好”的价值观对外政策决策模型,可以解释西方国家对外政策的“价值观化”和“去价值观”。决定西方国家价值观对外政策的根本出发点,是其国家利益最大化。在国家决策中,涉及国家生存的战略利益是凌驾于价值偏好目标之上的考虑,而安全目标也是优于经济目标的考虑。美国、德国为代表的西方国家对外政策的“价值观化”和“去价值观”的案例说明,由国际结构决定的“战略利益”,决定了对外政策变化的总体方向和浮动空间,而“价值偏好”决定了价值观目标是否作为对外政策的一部分。The fluctuating correlation between values and foreign policy is a controversial phenomenon in Western diplomacy.Based on a broad understanding of values,the essence of Western countries'value-based foreign policy is ideological expansion rather than dissemination of neutral ideas.By constructing an analytical framework with strategic interests and value preferences as the main explanatory variables,and proposing a decision-making model based on“lexicographic preference”,this paper explains how value-based foreign policy is made in Western countries.Strategic interests related to national survival are prioritised over value preferences,and security goals are also considered more important than economic goals.Case studies of the USA and Germany are used to explain how the explanatory variables contribute to the shift of values in Western countries'foreign policy.

关 键 词：价值观 西方国家 对外政策 字典序偏好 意识形态 价值偏好 战略利益 

分 类 号：D820[政治法律—政治学]