283份玉米田间抗旱性鉴定与筛选  

Drought resistance identification and screening of 283 maize

作　　者：唐怀君[1] 谢小清[1] 张磊 孙宝成[1] 杨杰[1] 刘成[1] TANG Huaijun;XIE Xiaoqing;ZHANG Lei;SUN Baocheng;YANG Jie;LIU Cheng(Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第11期2687-2693,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2021A02001-2);新疆农业科学院重点培育项目(XJKCPY-2020002);新疆农业科学院青年骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2019004)。

摘　　要：【目的】欠量灌水胁迫下,利用抗旱系数和水区产量综合评价不同玉米材料的抗旱性,筛选兼顾抗旱丰产的玉米材料,为抗旱育种提供种质资源和理论依据。【方法】选择283份玉米材料,利用抗旱系数和水区产量双选择的方法,分析研究玉米抗旱性及水区产量、水区表型特性的变化。【结果】正常灌溉和干旱胁迫下产量均呈正态分布,抗旱系数呈偏态分布,平均抗旱系数为0.617,胁迫强度0.383。筛选出抗旱丰产的优异自交系15份,杂交组合3份。抗旱丰产自交系在水区表型特征变化范围为吐丝天数(58.5~71.0 d)、株高(150~208.1 cm)、穗位高(44.6~77.5 cm)、穗粒数(295~502粒/穗)、百粒重(16.5~36.0 g)和单株产量(60.4~90.5 g);抗旱丰产的杂交组合在水区表型特征变化范围为吐丝天数(61.5~63.0 d)、株高(275.6~287.8 cm)、穗位高(103.8~115.0 cm)、穗粒数(538~692粒/穗)、百粒重(34.9~38.9 g)和单株产量(165.7~186.8 g)。抗旱优异材料表现出单株产量和抗旱性均高于平均水平,生育期、株高、穗位高、穗粒数和百粒重等性状个别材料低于平均水平,穗粒数和百粒重之间存在互补关系。【结论】筛选出兼顾丰产性和抗旱性的优异玉米材料18份。其中,15份自交系水区单株产量不低于60 g,抗旱系数不低于0.8;3份杂交组合水区单株产量不低于160 g,品种耐旱指数大于1.5。18份材料在正常灌水条件下具有较高的产量,在穗粒数方面还具有较强的抗旱性,可供育种选用。【Objective】In order to provide germplasm resources and theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding,283 maize material were selected for comprehensive evaluation of drought-resistance coefficient and yield in well-watered under water-stressed.【Methods】Using the method of double selection of drought resistance coefficient and yield in well-watered,the changes of drought resistance,yield and phenotypic characteristics of maize in well-watered were analyzed and studied.【Results】The results showed that under well-watered and water-stressed,the yield was normally distributed,the drought resistance coefficient showed skewed distribution,the average drought resistance coefficient was 0.617,and the stress intensity was 0.383.15 excellent inbred lines and 3 crosses were selected for both high yield and drought resistance.The days of silking(58.5-71.0 days),plant height(150-208.1 cm),ear height(44.6-77.5 cm),number of grains per ear(295-502 grains per ear),and 100 grain weight(16.5-36.0 g)of inbred lines with excellent drought resistance in well-watered and yield per plant(60.4-90.5 g)showed certain range characteristics.The hybrids with excellent drought resistance had days of silking(61.5-63.0 days),plant height(275.6-287.8 cm),ear height(103.8-115.0 cm),number of grains per ear(538-692 grains per ear),and 100 grain weight(34.9-38.9 g)in well-watered and yield per plant(165.7-186.8 g)showed a certain range.The yield per plant and drought resistance of excellent drought resistant materials were higher than the average level,while the growth period,plant height,spike height,grain number per spike and hundred grain weight were lower than the average level.Grain number per spike and hundred grain weight had a complementary relationship.【Conclusion】A total of 18 excellent maize materials with high yield and drought resistance are selected.The yield per plant of 15 inbred lines in well-watered is not less than 60 g,and the drought resistance coefficient was not less than 0.8.The yield per plant of the 3 hyb

关 键 词：玉米 欠量灌溉胁迫 抗旱性 产量 水区表型特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]