残膜回收机自动仿形系统及关键部件的运动分析与试验  

Motion analysis and experimental study of automatic copying system and key components of residual film recovery machine

作　　者：王金武 王钊英[2] 于万里 蒋永新[4] 杨会民[4] 张佳喜 WANG Jinwu;WANG Zhaoying;YU Wanli;JIANG Yongxin;YANG Huimin;ZHANG Jiaxi(Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830001,China;Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Forest Fruit,Cotton and Facility Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐8300091 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区农业农村厅,乌鲁木齐830001 [4]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所/农业农村部林果棉装备科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第11期2842-2852,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省区域创新合作项目“新疆棉田残膜智能化高效回收关键技术研究与装备示范”(2021YFQ0018);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目“新疆棉田残膜智能化高效回收关键技术与装备研究”(2020E0252);教育部第二批新工科研究与实践项目“新工科教育体系下农业工程类专业人才培养质量提升路径探索与实践”(E-SPNL20202326,地方高校组);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项“棉花高性能地膜及高效回收技术研究与示范”(xjkcpy-2021003)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对4JSM型残膜回收机面对复杂地形,尤其是面对松软地形、凹凸不平地形时无仿形功能的问题,设计一套机-电-液结合的自动仿形系统,并对其关键部件具体分析并进行田间试验,为仿形系统性能的提升提供一定的参考。【方法】介绍4JSM-2.1A残膜回收装置的结构和工作原理,阐述自动仿形系统的主要结构和工作原理,分析关键部件仿形地轮的上、下仿形运动方式,研究仿形地轮在工作时会弹跳现象,通过增加弹簧劲度系数和降低机具行进速度改善此现象。以弹簧的劲度系数、机具的行进速度和地面起伏高度差为试验影响因素,以入土深度合格率为试验指标,进行三因素三水平二次正交旋转试验。【结果】影响试验指标的强弱顺序分别是地面起伏高度差、弹簧的劲度系数、机具的行进速度,最优参数组合为地面高度起伏差20 mm、弹簧的劲度系数0.38 N/mm和机具的行进速度6 km/h。【结论】在此参数组合下,入土深度合格率可达94.05%,优于标准值,此自动仿形系统仿形效果良好。【Objective】In view of 4 type JMS residual film recycling machine in the face of complex topography,especially in the face of soft terrain,uneven terrain without copying function problem,this project aims to design a set of machine-electricity-fluid combined with automatic profiling system,that is the key part for further analysis and field experiment,for the ascension of the performance of the system in the hope of providing certain reference.【Methods】In this paper,the structure and working principle of 4JSM-2.1A residual film recovery device were briefly introduced,and the main structure and working principle of the automatic copying system were described.The upper and lower copying movement of the key components of the copying ground wheel was deeply analyzed,and after that,it was found that the copying ground wheel would bounce when working.This phenomenon could be improved by increasing the spring stiffness coefficient and reducing the speed of the machine.Taking the stiffness coefficient of spring,the speed of machine and tools and the difference of ground fluctuation height as the influencing factors,and the qualified rate of soil depth as the experimental index,the orthogonal rotation test with three factors and three levels was carried out.【Results】The field test results showed that the order of influencing test indexes was ground height difference,spring stiffness coefficient and machine speed,respectively.Finally,through optimization,the optimal parameter combination was obtained as ground height difference of 20 mm,spring stiffness coefficient of 0.591 N/mm and machine speed of 6 km/h.【Conclusion】Under this parameter combination,the qualified rate of penetration depth can reach 93.47%,which is better than the standard value,indicating that the automatic profiling system has a good profiling effect.

关 键 词：仿形 入土深度 弹跳 正交旋转试验 

分 类 号：S223.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程]