基于室内土柱模拟的5种土壤熏蒸剂散发特征  

Emission behavior characteristics of five soil fumigants based on indoor soil column simulation

作　　者：郝宝强 张大琪 张毅 李青杰 吴佳佳 颜冬冬[1] 李园[1] 曹坳程[1] 王秋霞[1] 欧阳灿彬[1] HAO Baoqiang;ZHANG Daqi;ZHANG Yi;LI Qingjie;WU Jiajia;YAN Dongdong;LI Yuan;CAO Aocheng;WANG Qiuxia;OUYANG Canbin(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Science,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学理学院,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第6期70-78,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31572035)。

摘　　要：土壤熏蒸是防治土传病虫害的重要手段之一,熏蒸剂在土壤中的散发直接影响其对土壤有害生物的防治效果。为明确二甲基二硫、顺式-1,3-二氯丙烯、反式-1,3-二氯丙烯、异硫氰酸烯丙酯,以及棉隆和威百亩的前体异硫氰酸甲酯等5种常用熏蒸剂在土壤中的散发情况,本研究以北京顺义采集的沙壤土为材料,按100 mg/kg剂量添加熏蒸剂,在室内模拟田间熏蒸剂在土壤内的散发,并在不同温度(15、25、35℃)和不同土壤含水量(6%、10%、15%)等条件下分别对5种熏蒸剂的散发进行监测。同时拟合出5种熏蒸剂的累计散发量随时间变化的Logistic模型,R^(2)均高于0.98,拟合度较好。本研究为熏蒸剂的合理化利用、减少农药滥用、减轻环境压力提供一定参考。Soil fumigation is one of the important means for controlling soil borne diseases and pests,and the emission of fumigants in the soil directly affects their effect against soil pests.The purpose of this study was to determine the emission characteristics of five common soil fumigants,including dimethyl disulfide,cis-1,3-dichloropropene,trans-1,3-dichloropropene,allyl isothiocyanate,and methyl isothiocyanate(the precursor of dazomet and metham).The model of field fumigant emission in soil was simulated in the laboratory using sandy loam soil collected in Shunyi,Beijing as the materials.The emission behavior of five fumigants was monitored under the conditions of different temperatures(15,25,35℃),different soil moisture contents(6%,10%,15%),at the dosage of 100 mg/kg,and the logistic model of cumulative emission of five fumigants with time was built,the R^(2) value of the model was higher than 0.98.Our study provides a reference for the rational use of fumigants,reducing pesticide abuse and environmental pressure.

关 键 词：熏蒸剂 散发 数学模型 监测 土传病虫害 

分 类 号：S482.6[农业科学—农药学]