小麦粒重相关性状的QTL定位及分子标记的开发  

QTL Mapping and Molecular Marker Development of Traits Related to Grain Weight in Wheat

作　　者：张泽源 李玥[2] 赵文莎 顾晶晶 张傲琰 张海龙 宋鹏博 吴建辉 张传量 宋全昊 简俊涛 孙道杰[1] 王兴荣[2] ZHANG ZeYuan;LI Yue;ZHAO WenSha;GU JingJing;ZHANG AoYan;ZHANG HaiLong;SONG PengBo;WU JianHui;ZHANG ChuanLiang;SONG QuanHao;JIAN JunTao;SUN DaoJie;WANG XingRong(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Institute of Crop Science,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730000;Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,Henan;Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhumadian 463000,Henan;Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanyang 473000,Henan)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,兰州730000 [3]洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [4]驻马店市农业科学院,河南驻马店463000 [5]南阳市农业科学院,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第21期4137-4149,I0001-I0013,共26页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：陕西省“两链”融合重点专项(2023KXJ-011)。

摘　　要：【目的】小麦是世界总产量第二的粮食作物,而粒重是影响小麦产量的重要因素。以和尚头(HST)和陇春23(LC23)衍生的216个家系重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体为材料,基于55K SNP基因型数据,针对小麦粒重相关性状进行QTL定位,开发和验证粒长主效QTL的共分离标记,为分子标记辅助选择育种提供参考。【方法】利用小麦55K SNP芯片对亲本和RIL群体进行基因分型,构建高密度遗传连锁图谱,并与中国春参考基因组IWGSC RefSeq v1.0进行相关性分析。基于完备区间作图法对多环境粒重相关性状进行QTL定位;通过对主效QTL进行方差分析,判断不同QTL间的加性互作效应,并分析其对粒重相关性状的影响。同时,根据粒长主效QTL的共分离SNP位点开发相应的竞争性等位基因特异性PCR标记(kompetitive allele specific PCR,KASP),并在242份国内外小麦种质构成的自然群体中进行验证。【结果】构建了和尚头/陇春23 RIL群体的高密度遗传图谱,全长4543 cM,共包含22个连锁群,覆盖小麦21条染色体,平均遗传距离为1.7 cM。遗传图谱与物理图谱具有显著相关性,Pearson相关系数为0.77—0.99(P<0.001)。共检测到51个粒重相关QTL,其中,有4个为3个及以上环境稳定表达的主效QTL,分布在2D、5A、6B和7D染色体。根据物理区间和功能标记分析主效QTL Qtkw.nwafu-2D.1和Qtkw.nwafu-7D分别为光周期基因Ppd-D1和开花基因FT-D1,方差分析表明,二者具有显著的互作效应;Qtkw.nwafu-2D.1和Qtkw.nwafu-7D优异等位基因的聚合显著提高了小麦的千粒重和粒宽。此外,根据粒长主效位点Qgl.nwafu-5A的共分离SNP开发了相应的KASP分子标记AX-111067709,该标记在242份小麦组成的自然群体中与粒长和粒重性状显著相关,在不同环境下能增加粒长3.33%—4.59%(P<0.001)和粒重5.70%—10.35%(P<0.05)。【结论】和尚头(HST)和陇春23(LC23)的粒重相关性状由多个遗传位点控制,其中,Qtk【Objective】The yield of wheat,the second-highest-yielding food product in the world,has a major impact by grain weight.This research used materials from a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from Heshangtou(HST)and Longchun 23(LC23).Based on 55K SNP genotype data,QTL mapping was performed for traits related to grain weight of wheat,and co-segregation markers of major grain length QTL were developed and verified to provide reference for molecular marker assisted selection breeding.【Method】The wheat 55K SNP microarray was used to genotype parents and RIL populations,and a high density genetic linkage map was constructed,and its correlation with Chinese spring reference genome IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 was analyzed.QTL mapping of traits related to grain weight in multiple environments based on inclusive composite interval mapping method.The analysis of variance of major effect QTLs were performed to judge the additive interaction effect among different QTLs,and to analyse its effect on traits related to grain weight.At the same time,the corresponding kompetitive allele specific PCR marker was developed according to the closely linked SNP loci of major QTL for grain length,and verified in 242 wheat accessions worldwide.【Result】In this study,a high density genetic map of Heshangtou/Longchun 23 RIL population was constructed,with full length 4543 cM,including 22 linkage groups,covering 21 chromosomes of wheat,and the average genetic distance was 1.7 cM.There was a significant correlation between genetic map and physical map,and the Pearson correlation coefficient were 0.77-0.99(P<0.001).A total of 51 QTLs related to grain weight were detected,among them,4 stable major QTLs were found in multi-environments(three or more environments)and distributed on 2D,5A,6B and 7D chromosomes.According to the physical interval and functional markers,it is inferred that stable major QTLs Qtkw.nwafu-2D.1 and Qtkw.nwafu-7D are photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 and flowering gene FT-D1,respectively.The analysis of variance shows tha

关 键 词：小麦 千粒重 QTL KASP标记 分子标记辅助选择育种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]