棉花苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价  

Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm in Cotton at Seedling Stage and Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance

作　　者：米热扎提江·喀由木 西尔艾力·吾麦尔江 李晓曈 王香茹 贵会平[1] 张恒恒 张西岭[1] 董强[1,2] 宋美珍 KAYOUMU MiReZhaTiJiang;WUMAIERJIANG XiErAiLi;LI XiaoTong;WANG XiangRu;GUI HuiPing;ZHANG HengHeng;ZHANG XiLing;DONG Qiang;SONG MeiZhen(Institute of Cotton,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization,Anyang 455000,Henan;Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第21期4150-4162,I0014,I0015,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：棉花生物学国家重点实验室自主课题(CB2021C10);新疆生产建设兵团第六师科技项目(2202);新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划(2022NY09)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立棉花品种(系)耐低磷能力评价体系,筛选耐低磷型棉花种质和评价不同磷效率类型,为研究棉花耐低磷生理机制和挖掘耐低磷基因奠定基础。【方法】以来自国内外不同棉区的140份棉花品种(系)为材料,采用水培试验方法,在低磷(10μmol·L^(-1)KH2PO4)和正常磷(500μmol·L^(-1)KH2PO4)处理下,测定各棉花品种生物量、根系相关指标和磷效率相关指标等21个性状表征值,计算各指标耐低磷胁迫指数。利用综合隶属函数法,进行主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析,对各棉花品种进行耐低磷能力的划分,综合评价各棉花品种耐低磷能力和磷效率类型。【结果】与正常磷处理相比,低磷处理下,供试棉花品种的总磷积累量、总磷含量、地上部干重和总干物重等指标的均值降幅较大,而根平均直径、比根面积、根尖数和磷素利用效率等指标的均值会有所上升;低磷处理下,各指标变异系数范围为6.04%-47.79%,比根尖密度、根尖数、比根长和根平均直径等根系指标变异系数较正常磷处理均提高,变异系数分别为47.49%、42.13%、40.19%和19.16%;对21个指标的耐低磷胁迫指数进行主成分分析,6个主成分的累计方差贡献率达77.21%,利用隶属函数法计算综合耐低磷综合评价值(D);采用多元回归分析方法,建立D值回归方程,确定6个耐低磷性鉴定指标并进行系统聚类,将不同棉花品种(系)划分为耐低磷型、中间型、低磷敏感型3类。【结论】筛选出棕絮1号、鲁原343、LambrightGL-N、巴西014、南丹里湖大棉、苏远1028和gL2g13等品种为耐低磷型棉花品种,陕2812、FJA、孝2168和东兰那亭大花等品种的耐低磷能力较差,为低磷敏感型;确定总干物重、磷素利用效率、地下部鲜重、总根长、根系表面积和总磷积累量作为棉花耐低磷能力评价的指标。【Objective】To establish an evaluation system for low phosphorus tolerance in cotton varieties(lines),screen low phosphorus tolerant cotton germplasm and evaluate different types of phosphorus efficiency,and lay the foundation for studying the physiological mechanisms of low phosphorus tolerance in cotton and mining low phosphorus tolerance genes.【Method】Using 140 cotton cultivars(lines)from different cotton regions at home and abroad,21 traits such as biomass,root-related indexes and phosphorus efficiency-related indexes were measured under low(10μmol·L^(-1) KH2PO4)and normal(500μmol·L^(-1) KH2PO4)phosphorus treatments in a hydroponic experiment.The index of low phosphorus stress tolerance was calculated for each index.Using the integrated affiliation function method,principal component analysis,regression analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to classify the low phosphorus tolerance of each cotton variety and to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance and phosphorus efficiency type of each cotton variety.【Result】Compared with the normal phosphorus treatment,the mean values of total phosphorus accumulation,total phosphorus content,aboveground dry weight and total dry matter weight of the tested cotton varieties decreased more under the low phosphorus treatment,while the mean values of root average diameter,specific root area,root tips number and phosphorus use efficiency increased.Under low phosphorus treatment,the coefficients of variation of each index ranged from 6.04%to 47.79%,the coefficients of variation of root indexes such as specific root tips density,root tips number,specific root length and root average diameter were higher than those of normal phosphorus treatment,and the coefficients of variation were 47.49%,42.13%,40.19%and 19.16%,respectively;the principal component analysis of the 21 indexes of low phosphorus stress tolerance showed that the cumulative variance contribution of the six principal components reached 77.21%,and the comprehensive low phosphorus tole

关 键 词：棉花 耐低磷 筛选指标 综合评价 磷效率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]